First, the benefits of grass particles

1. The growth and utilization of forage is greatly affected by the season. In winter, the forage is yellow, contains less nutrients, and the livestock lack grass. The warm season forage grows vigorously and is rich in nutrients. Therefore, in order to make good use of the long-term use of warm season forage, castration, drying, smashing, processing into grass particles to save, you can feed livestock and poultry in winter.

2. The feed conversion rate is high. In winter, grass granules are used to feed livestock and poultry, and more forage, eggs and milk can be obtained with less forage.

3. Small size. The grass pellet feed is only about 1/4 of the raw hay volume, which is convenient for storage and transportation. The dust is less beneficial to human and animal health. Feeding is convenient, which can simplify the feeding procedure and create conditions for intensive and mechanized animal husbandry production.

4. Increase palatability and improve forage quality. For example, hibiscus has a special odor of coumarin, and livestock is somewhat unpleasant, but after being made into grass granules, it is a forage with strong palatability and high nutritional value.

5. Expand the source of feed. Such as Caragana, Youruo, Yangchai, etc., the branches are coarse and hard, processed into grass particles after crushing, it becomes a forage that the livestock likes to eat. Other processed by-products such as crop by-products, clams, straw and various leaves can be used to feed livestock and poultry.

Second, the processing technology of grass particles

The most critical technique for processing grass particles is to adjust the water content of the feedstock. First, the water content of the raw material must be measured, and then the water is mixed to the water content required for processing. It has been determined that grass granules are used to make grass granules with an optimum water content of 14% - 16%; grass forages are 13% - 15%.

The processing of grass pellets is usually carried out using a pellet feed mill. The grass powder is stirred and squeezed during the rolling process. Under normal conditions, the temperature of the particles just emerging from the sieve hole reaches about 80 °C, and the water content is generally reduced by 3%--5% from high temperature to room temperature. Therefore, the water content of the cooled grass particles does not exceed 11% - 13%. Due to the low water content, it is suitable for long-term storage without mold and deterioration.

It can be formulated into grass granules with different nutrients according to the nutritional requirements of various livestock and poultry. The particle size can be adjusted to the mill and processed as required.

The grass particle rolling machine currently used is generally composed of four parts: stirring, granulating, transmission and frame. The main technical indicators are as follows:

Working rate 13 kW

Working speed 300--500 rev / min

Sieve aperture: 8, 6, 4.5, 3.2 mm

productivity:

300 kg / hour when the hole diameter is 8 mm

250 kg / hour when the hole diameter is 6 mm

200 kg/hr when the hole diameter is 4.5 mm

150 kg / hour when the hole diameter is 3.2 mm

Particle size 8, 6, 4.5, 3.2 mm length adjustable

Pressable grass powder fineness is not more than 1 mm

Particle cooling method, natural cooling

Third, pellet feed ingredients and effects

In order to produce compound feed for various livestock and poultry, the utilization rate of feed is improved. Use grass powder (green hay, crop straw) 55%--60%, concentrate (corn, sorghum, oats, bran, etc.) 35% -40%, minerals and vitamins 3%, urea 1% to form compound feed It is pressed into a pellet feed by a pellet feed pelletizer. When pressing, add 17 kg of water per 100 kg of material, add 100 ml of formaldehyde solution with a concentration of 37% to improve its nutrient content and digestibility. According to the test, 8 months old lambs were produced and fattened with pelleted feed for 50 days. The daily weight gain averaged 190 grams, each weight gain was 1 kilogram, and the feed consumption was 6.4 kilograms. The use of pellet feed to produce fat lambs is a viable way to promote the development of aquaculture in both pastoral and agricultural areas.

Fourth, feeding technical points and precautions

1. Livestock poultry should be bred for 6-7 days before feeding, so that they gradually get used to eating pelleted feed. Feed twice a day during feeding and let it eat freely. In the evening, add a small amount of green hay to increase the digestibility. The daily feed of pelleted feed is based on a small amount of residue in the daily feed tank. For sheep with a live weight of 30--40 kg, the daily supply is 1.5 kg, and for sheep with a live weight of 40--50 kg, the daily feed is 1.8 kg. Feeding pellets requires more water than when grazing, and livestock and poultry refuse to eat when water is scarce. Therefore, you should drink water regularly, and drink less than 2 times a day. It is more desirable to have an automatic drinking fountain.

2. The pellet feed will swell and break when it meets water, which affects the feeding rate and feed utilization rate. Therefore, the rainy season should not be kept in the open circle. It is usually carried out during the dry season to avoid the rainy season.

3. Deworming and medicated baths must be performed before feeding begins. It is necessary to treat symptomatic treatment of livestock and poultry with other diseases, so that it makes better use of feed. Properly extending the feeding time will result in a larger compensation weight gain to achieve the desired feeding effect.

V. Compound feed

According to the species, production performance and physiological conditions of the livestock, the grass-based diet can be used as a diet, and the mixed feed can be directly fed to the livestock. For example, the cow is processed into a straw cake having a diameter of 160 mm and a thickness of 10 mm, or a straw of 160 mm x 170 mm x 60 mm; a cylindrical or square column of particles having a length of 10 mm and a radius of 5 mm is processed on the sheep.