1The main problems in the production and use of teaching materials

1.1 Pursuit of one-sided function

The teaching material is a product that has been rapidly promoted and developed in recent years. It is also a product with higher gross profit. The large and small feed enterprises are promoting it. Some manufacturers are forced to market pressure and often meet the bad skills of the pig farm. The pursuit of one-sided features. In production, the author sees that some pig farmers evaluate the quality of suckling pigs from the sense of smell, milk flavor, sweetness, etc.; some people also evaluate how much diarrhea, feed color changes, etc. If the farm does not solve the fundamental problems in management, it is only necessary to solve this function by adjusting the nutritional formula to meet some functions, and that function will decline. If some teaching materials are controlled by high drug dosage to control diarrhea, diarrhea is often controlled, but the growth of pigs and animal diseases are inhibited by drug sensitivity. What is more serious is that some enterprises use raw materials illegally to satisfy some pig farmers. The teaching of the trough is one-sided cognitive needs.

1.2 Evaluation of the teaching material

There should be scientific methods and attitudes when evaluating products, and one-sided evaluation of one aspect of the function is unscientific. Evaluation of the teaching material generally refers to whether the feed intake and growth rate of the suckling pig continue to increase, and whether the diarrhea rate is reduced. Under the conditions of pig breeds and software and hardware management techniques, the piglets should be liked to eat, digest (by observation of feces), and have a large feed intake, especially after the end of the transition. l weeks. The rate of nutritional diarrhea is less than 20%; the feed conversion rate is about 1.2; the daily average weight gain is more than 250 grams; the feed intake is more than 300 grams per day; based on the current raw material cost, the cost of the feedstock production is generally not Less than 4,800 yuan / ton. In daily production, pig farms must also make production records, analyze data, constantly find problems, solve problems, and continuously improve the production level of pig farms.

2 the use stage of the teaching material

The author suggests that each farm should be divided according to the conditions and management of the field. The production of suckling pigs to 4 weeks of age is called the suckling pig stage. This stage of feed products is commonly known as "teaching material" (also known as artificial milk, opening materials, etc.). In domestic pig farms, it is generally used 5 to 7 days to start feeding. 21-28 days of weaning management mode is more, and large pig raising enterprises also have earlier (such as 14 days old weaning), depending on the personnel of each farm. Different from technology, equipment, production, disease prevention and other factors

3 Nutritional requirements for teaching materials

3.1 suckling pig

Suckling pigs have fast growth, digestive system dysplasia, low immunity, poor body temperature regulation and other physiological characteristics, which limit the selection of nutrient raw materials other than breast milk. Therefore, when using or formulating suckling pigs, according to pig breeds and suckling pigs The characteristics of the digestive tract, combined with the nutritional standards of the suckling pig, the formula of the dietitian, the source and quality of the raw materials, etc., select high-quality raw materials (such as: peeled puffed soybeans or high-quality soybean meal, corn or puffed corn, skim fish meal, oil, milk Powder (or milk-like protein), plasma protein (safe), rice protein powder, multivitamins, amino acids, minerals, attractants, acidifiers, microecological preparations, health care products, etc.). A high-quality teaching material is a safe, economical and high-efficiency product composed of dozens of composite materials.

3.2 Teaching trough type

At present, the types of teaching materials used in pig production mainly include: granules, crushed, powdered, and liquid. The top three are used in production, and some large pig companies also try liquid feeding. However, the liquid material feeding has higher requirements on the management hardware and software of the farm. At present, the specific situation of the Chinese pig farm may be used for some time.

3.3 proportion of the proportion of the material

In the production, 100% of the teaching materials are added, and the cleaning process should be supplemented with clean and sufficient drinking water. In addition, some large-scale pig raising enterprises have developed rapidly in recent years, in equipment (mixing and processing) and technology (raw materials). Procurement and testing) In order to reduce costs, premixed and concentrated feeds of 4%, 12%, 20%, 30%, 40%, etc., are also used. Large pig companies have even started producing pellets. However, when discussing the use of different proportions of feed products, the author must adopt scientific methods to reduce costs according to their own conditions. Blindly reducing the cost without considering the actual situation of the farm will only be counterproductive and increase costs.

4 processing of the material

The quality control and production process of the feed mill plays a decisive role in the quality of the teaching materials. Unfortunately, many feed enterprises have insufficient quality control ability or insufficient attention. This is one of the main factors for the excellent products in the teaching material market. A good teaching material formulation design. It is necessary to have good raw materials and quality control and processing technology to ensure. For example, the temperature and tempering time of granulation in the processing of the teaching material. It has a great influence on the hardness of the granules, too hard to affect the palatability, and the pulverization, puffing, mixing, adding water, spraying, steam pre-conditioning, sizing of the granules, cooling process, etc. of the raw materials will affect the large teaching tank. The quality of the material. In addition, the size of the particle size and the coefficient of variation also have an impact on the quality of the suckling pig. Therefore, in the large-scale large-scale pig farms, it is necessary to control the processing technology when preparing the piglet pellets. According to the current situation of some large domestic pig farms, the author suggests that the processing and use of powder should be higher.