Severe ecological damage caused by rare earth disorder mining in Ganzhou, Jiangxi
January 31 17:06:04, 2023
The rare earth liquid that flows into the filter tank is in Ganzhou, Jiangxi. If it is not because of rare earth, I am afraid that not many people will remember this city. However, because it has more than 30% of the country's ionic heavy rare earths (a good quality rare earth mine), it is known as China's "rare earth kingdom."  On the one hand, the unique resource advantages bring power to local economic development; on the other hand, decades of disorderly mining have caused most of the mountains and vegetation in the Zhangzhou area to be greatly damaged. The farmland is ridiculous, the water source is polluted, and the local residents are facing the dilemma of losing land and home because of the rare earth. The reporters of "Hua Shang Bao" recently went to Longnan, Quannan and Dingnan counties in Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province to interview the impact of rare earth mining on the local environment and people's lives. Longnan County, which is more than 200 kilometers away from Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, has a garden villa area called “Longzejuâ€, which is called “Rare Earth Boss Villa†by local people. The villa area is a duplex structure independent small courtyard, kindergarten, etc., the service facilities are perfect, a set of about 1 million yuan, such a villa is not said to be in this insignificant small county, even in some big cities will make People are discouraged. Rare earth is not a simple soil. This kind of metal called "industrial vitamin" and "industrial MSG" has excellent physical properties such as light electromagnetics, and it is large enough for defense industry, aerospace, nuclear industry, and small mobile phone screen. All are inseparable. The rare earth business has indeed created some wealthy people in Longnan County. This millennial small county town surrounded by mountains is known as the “hometown of heavy rare earths†because of its 70% of the world's heavy rare earth reserves. For the local natives, rare earths, they don't know much about it. Most people think of rare earths: this kind of thing can sell money! The top of the mountain was flattened, and the plastic (11680, -15.00, -0.13%) tube climbed the mountain. The locals were not proud of this "very money-selling" thing. The 38-year-old taxi driver Liu Heng, The home is on a hill ten kilometers from the county. A few years ago, the mountain he contracted was rented out to the mining company in the form of land transfer. In order to go to school, he had to take the family down from the mountain and live in the resettlement house in the county. The Sonanas who are loose and can't break are still making a living. "Rare earth, this thing, can our ordinary people be able to touch the edge? Can open rare earth mines, there are all come!" Liu Heng said. In Longnan County, Cangzhou, because of the large reserves of rare earth resources, the mountains around the county have become one of the most severely damaged areas. In the county town, there are large slogans such as “promoting the new development of rare earth industry†and “who pollutes who is governingâ€, and the content is related to rare earth. The local people who have actually seen rare earth mines are not many. "Those mines are in the mountains. I am a local. I have never seen a rare earth mine like this?" Liu Heng said. On the hills more than ten kilometers from the county, red and brown exposed mountains can be seen everywhere, in stark contrast to the lush mountains around. The locals said that the mountain was the mountain left after the rare earth was mined in the early years, and now it is almost empty. The top of the mountain was basically flattened. There were no trees and no grass on the mountain. The white plastic pipes climbed over the mountains, and a dipping cement filter was lying in the middle of the mountain. Beside these deserted mountains, some trees with grass and grass are still covered with white plastic flowers. At some interfaces of the plastic pipes, white liquid slowly flows out. The liquid flows slowly into the large pool at the foot of the mountain along some thicker cement trough tubes. The black work shed at the foot of the mountain is the place to separate and filter the rare earth liquid. This is the rare earth mine that is still being mined. Follow a small road along the mountain and go straight into the mountains. Some of the real rare earth mines are in the mountains covered by vegetation. Along the road, a dozen miles of roads, a small rare earth mine leap into the eyes. It is said to be a rare earth mine. In fact, it is a circular large reservoir with a diameter of about seven or eight meters. Some of the criss-crossing white plastic pipes are inserted into the pool and the other side spirals up the mountain. There is a continuous flow of white liquid in the plastic tube in the pool. The bottom of the pool is white latex mud. Under the black work shed, these white latex muds are continuously filtered, air-dried and then packed into a bag. The locals said that the rare earth mines in Longnan County are difficult for ordinary people to enter, unless they are owners of rare earths. Why? It is said that there are uniform requirements in the county. Where are the white pipes leading to the top of the mountain? I can't see the end. A few miles away from this small rare earth mine, there is another rare earth mine of similar size. Several large and small cement round pools glisten in the sunlight, and some white thick plastic pipes are exposed from the mountains. It’s all over the floor. The mine has stopped, and the impact on vegetation will last for five or six years. What is it like to go deep into the mountains to see the real rare earth mine? Hard! On the main road side of the mountain, there are open roads every ten or more miles away, leading to the rare earth mines in the mountains, but the forks are all blocked by crossbars. The local farmers told reporters: "There is nothing to see. Many mountains are destroyed by a chemical liquid called sulphur ammonia. So far, the grass is not born." There is an abandoned rare earth on the side of the mountain road about ten kilometers east of the steep town of Quannan County. The mine, from afar, looks like a ruined fortress. Except for the dense white plastic pipes, the mountains are beyond recognition. The locals said that the rare earth mining process is extremely simple: a pothole is excavated at the top of the mountain, and the sulphur ammonia liquid is injected directly. When the sulphur ammonia meets the red soil in the pothole, the rare earth ions can be displaced, and the liquid flows through the pipes to the mountain. At the bottom of these circular reservoirs, acid is added to the chemical reaction, and the liquid is pumped into the cave. This cycle is repeated several times to form a real rare earth raw material. This technique is called "in situ." Leaching method". It is precisely because of the simplicity of technology that in the past 20 years, the rare earth mines in southern Anhui have blossomed all the time, and the price once fell to less than 10,000 yuan per ton. It was called Cao Xiaoqiu, director of the Economic and Trade Commission of Ganzhou City, to "watch the golden rice bowl for food." Yan Jie, a deputy cadre of Quannan County, said that the in-situ leaching method was a scientific and technological project promoted during the “Eighth Five-Year Plan†period, and it was required to be promoted in places where rare earth mines were opened nationwide. “Before the in-situ leaching method, the previous ionic mining was mainly pool leaching and heap leaching, that is, cutting trees and weeding, and then peeling off the surface soil, where the mountain vegetation would be difficult to repair.†Yan Jie is very touched by the old method of mining. The past processes of leaching and acid precipitation can produce a large amount of pollutants rich in sulfur ammonia and heavy metals, which are very polluting to the water source. Wherever the mountain moved, The ecology is completely destroyed.†In southern Anhui, the large-scale desertation caused by the mining of rare earths in the “Moving Mountain Movement†in the early years has now become the most sequela of the local government. But even the advanced “in-situ leaching method†still has no circumvention to influence the natural ecology of the mountain. In Stoutou Township, Quannan County, the local government has forcibly shut down some illegal or small-scale polluted rare earth mines, but the situation is not optimistic, and the forests that have been abandoned are also abandoned. Li Huoyang, a town government cadre, said, “Even if a rare earth mine is shut down, the impact on the mountain will be five to six years or even longer.†“More importantly, rare earth is a non-renewable resource. Mining, even if you do not consider pollution, can not take a few years!" Li Huiyang said. "Our land can't be planted." For those who have lived at the foot of the mountains for generations, their lives have become very different from the past because of rare earths. "Now, the biggest bottleneck in rare earth mining is the inability to properly dispose of the abandoned sediment and wastewater," Li said. The acidic substances used to extract rare earth elements will eventually flow into the nearby clear rivers and rivers, and the polluted water sources have directly threatened the mountain people who lived on the fields for generations. Zhushan Village, west of Studitou Town, Quannan County, is less than ten miles away from the village. A riverbed polluted by local tungsten mines and rare earth sediments can be described as thrilling. A few years ago, the farmland in Zhushan Village was almost impossible to cultivate. The sediment continued to cover up the farmland. The town government adopted the method of blocking the sand and blocking the sand. "The sand was blocked, but the polluted wastewater could not be blocked." Chen Yuguo said, "Nothing can be planted in our land." The local government's compensation policy for farmers in Zhushan Village is 100 yuan a year for an acre of land. "But this money is for the mine owner to come out, if the mine owner is not happy, this It will be very troublesome to get up," Chen Yuguo said. Liao Wencui, who is in his 60s, is an old farmer living under the mountain in Liaokeng Village, Longnan County. She had not eaten her own rice as early as seven or eight years ago. In another nearby village named Huangsha Village, Yuan Chengzhi, a young man in the village, faces the same reality as Liao Wencui. There is a river on the side of Huangsha Village. The villagers call it the Huangsha River. "The water we used to drink and the water that was poured in the water used the water in the river. It is not going to work now. The river is polluted." Yuan Chengzhi said, "Use In the polluted rivers, only the seedlings are not heading, and now the land is only relying on the rain in the sky.†In Dingnan County, the pollution of farmland is even more serious. Many old mines in Dingnan County still use the old technology of heap leaching and pool immersion. Since the mining of the upper reaches of the Longyu River, the ecological environment of the Longyu River Basin has been greatly damaged, the riverbed is elevated, the soil is exposed, and the vegetation is affected. To the serious destruction, "the river has been turbid, and the next time the river, the hands and feet will be suede." Gong Zhigang, a 42-year-old long-distance freight driver who traveled to Dingnan and Guangdong for a long time. “It’s not working, just move to Guangdong.†Among the heavy rare earths exported from China, the ionic heavy rare earths in Chenzhou have incomparable advantages. Cangzhou ionic heavy rare earth accounts for more than 60% of the same kind of reserves in the country, ranking first among the same types of minerals at home and abroad, and the price per ton of heavy rare earth is higher than the price of ordinary rare earths of four to five thousand. Rare earth has given birth to the "Great Leap Forward" of local economic development in Zhangzhou. In 2004, the two industries of Luzhou Rare Earth and Tungsten Industry only achieved an output value of 1 billion yuan. In 2009, only five years later, the two industries realized a total sales volume of 15 billion yuan, and formed three new bases of new energy led by the rare earth industry. In the "12th Five-Year" work plan of Zhangzhou, the two major industries must exceed 100 billion yuan. The data show that in the 1990s, there were 4,000 large and small rare earth mines in the Zhangzhou area. The indiscriminate mining brought about vicious competition, and the rare earth was sold as “cabbage priceâ€. In 2004, Zhangzhou banned more than 3,000 illegal mines. In December of that year, 88 mining licenses of 8 rare earth resource counties were “zeroed to completeâ€. The Ganzhou Municipal Government and the counties jointly established the Yanzhou Rare Earth by joint-stock system. Mining companies, unified mining of rare earth resources in the city, unified management of production, unified management of products, and unified investment. The Yanzhou Rare Mining Company contracted the mining rights to individuals or enterprises. The government supervised the whole process, and the rare earth raw materials were returned to the Yanzhou Rare Mining Company for unified management and pricing sales. The price also gradually increased to 160,000 yuan per ton. In 2007, the state adjusted the rare earth production plan from “guidance†to “commandâ€. Started to implement limited quota production for rare earth exports. However, although the government can control the production and supply of rare earths macroscopically, it cannot control the private transactions of rare earth raw materials, and cannot solve the problem of unlicensed mining from the root cause. “Actually, the integrated state-owned company is still an illegal company that is not protected by the local government,†said an official of the Luzhou Rare Earth Mining Company. “We are not producing as much as our illegal rare earth mines.†In Longnan County, In Nanxian County, the practice of some towns and towns is to forcibly lease the mountain bodies contracted to the villagers to the mine owners in the form of land transfer, resulting in fait accompli and then stealing. Xingguang Village, Studitou Town, Quannan County is the most seriously polluted village in the local area. The situation is similar to that of Liaokeng Village and Huangsha Village in Longnan County. A few years ago, the contracted land of the villagers was also leased to the rare earth mine by land transfer. the Lord. "Since someone in the town has come out to rent the mountain, we have never been to the mountains!" said Zhong Lei, who opened a small shop in the town of Steep Head for children to study. Recently, some of the rare earth mines have been shut down in the town of Studi, and it is said that they are all incomplete. "They are some small mines that are more conspicuous by the roadside. The real big mines are not moving." Mr. Li, who opened the restaurant in the town, told reporters. It is said that there are more than 20 large mines in the mountains of Stoutou Town. In recent years, mine owners do not like to use local people. "It is not safe for mine owners. They are afraid that local people will talk more." Zhong Lei said. For young people like Yuan Chengzhi, they know the importance of rare earth mining to the country. They just want to live in the mountains, drink the water from the mountains, and eat their own rice. Gong Zhigang, a 42-year-old long-distance freight driver who traveled to and from Dingnan and Guangdong for a long time, said that he had a wish, "I can't do it, just wait for enough money to move my family to neighboring Guangdong." The state will strictly protect the rare earth. Mining over-disorderly mining of rare earth resources. On January 19 this year, Jiangxi Ganzhou was established as the first batch of rare earth national planning mining areas. The state will implement more stringent protective mining of rare earths, which also indicates rare earth mining in Chenzhou area. The storage, sales and other links will be strictly controlled. It is hoped that this will enable the rare earth mining to be basically contained, and the relationship between people and resources can be greatly improved. On February 16, Premier Wen Jiabao of the State Council presided over a conference to promote the sustainable and healthy development of the rare earth industry. It emphasized that for five years or so, the development of the national rare earth industry must form a pattern of rational development, orderly production, efficient use, advanced technology and intensive development.
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