On the same day, fire accidents on school buses occurred in both China and the United States, and the results of the fire were strongly thought-provoking. The two accidents have their own characteristics. Weihai’s school bus is a leased social vehicle. It causes fire due to a traffic accident and the student’s age is small. There is no fire risk identification and escape capability. The United States fire reflects a higher awareness of fire safety among students and drivers. Occurrence from the rear of the car also brings opportunities for escape and avoids a serious casualty accident.

First of all, we must strictly abide by the school bus fire safety standards and school bus safety management regulations and impose severe penalties on violations of laws and regulations. US Senate requested in January 2014 after 1 purchase school buses need to follow the new school bus fire safety standards, our country in the July 1, 2010 formally implemented the standard "special primary school bus safety and technical conditions", the Weihai accident obviously did not do this standard.

Second, all-round fire safety training is provided to students riding a school bus. I. Explain the school bus fire prevention to the school bus driver and the car teacher in an easy-to-understand language, including the daily fire safety management of the school bus, the search methods for school bus fire hazards, and emergency handling, escape and self-rescue, etc., organize all teachers and students to carry out school bus Fire emergency evacuation escape drill; Second, the school bus regularly broadcast different fire safety knowledge to help students strengthen the fire safety prevention, escape, self-rescue and other skills. Yi Jing Technology is an information service platform for fire safety. Welcome to subscribe to the public number and learn more fire safety knowledge. Third, the accompanied teacher actively engages in various types of interaction with the students in the carriage, such as games, questions and answers, and entertaining.

Pay: "Special school bus safety technical conditions"

April 10, 2012, the State Administration of Quality Supervision Inspection and the National Standardization Management Committee approved the release of a special national standard school bus "dedicated school bus safety and technical conditions", the standard number is GB24407-2012, standard properties as mandatory national standards since 2012 since May 1 implementation.

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( 1 ) The applicable objects and technical requirements of the standard shall cover the scope of the special school bus as stipulated in the "Regulations for the Administration of School Bus Safety".

( b ) The appearance of the special school bus and the external text should be eye-catching and easy to identify.

( 3 ) The active and passive safety performance of the special school bus shall be in accordance with the requirements for the safe use of the passenger.

( D ) The standard should take into account the relationship between safety and cost, technical content should have a certain degree of continuity, the current applicable special school bus standards to verify the effective application of safety and technical requirements should continue to be retained.

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Dedicated School Bus National Standard GB2 4 4 07-2012 The "Professional School Bus Safety Technical Conditions" includes a total of six chapters including the scope, normative references, terms and definitions, special school bus type divisions, requirements and test methods, transition requirements for the implementation of standards, etc. Three normative appendices, such as structural strength test method, parking indication sign, and driver's visual field test method . Among them, “ 5 requirements and test methods” is the main part of the standard, from the appearance of the logo and the main structure size, dynamics, occupant quality and maximum number of occupants, steering system, brake system, transmission system, driving system, front and rear bumpers, Roll stability, body structure, strength, exit and interior layout, signal systems, fire prevention and fire control measures, driver visibility, interior air quality, driving information recording and processing system, parking on dedicated school rear fenders Sixteen aspects such as reminding signs have put forward corresponding technical requirements.

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A comparative analysis of the "Safety Technical Conditions for Special School Bus Schools" (GB24407-2009) and the relevant requirements for the safety technical requirements of ordinary passenger cars. The National Standard for Special School Bus GB24407-2012 "Safety Technical Conditions for Special School Buses " mainly has the following characteristics:

( A ) subdivided school bus types. The standard divides special school buses into child-only school buses, school-only school buses, and school buses for primary and secondary school students. It also stipulates that the three types of school buses are for preschool children, primary school students, and nine-year compulsory education students ( primary and middle school students) over 3 years of age. Health), in line with the "school safety management regulations car" in transporting children, students should use the provisions of special school bus, but also give full consideration to the possibility of learning at school-age children nine-year rural areas use with a dedicated school bus, in favor of To ensure the safety of students going to and from school while increasing the use of special school buses.

( b ) The appearance of the logo is obvious. The standard stipulates that the special school bus shall be painted with the appearance of the special school bus that meets the requirements of GB24315-20 09 School Bus Identification, install the parking instruction sign that meets the requirements and the special school bus marker light, and provide that the special school bus shall be on the outer surface and rear vehicle of the rear trunk panel. The area visible when approaching is clearly marked with the words "Please wait for parking" and "When the parking sign sticks out" in red. Therefore, for other road users to clearly identify, identify whether the vehicle is a dedicated school bus, confirm whether the special school bus is transporting and up and down students, take parking waiting and other corresponding avoidance measures to ensure that the priority of the exclusive school bus provides technical support.

(C) set crash safety structure. Taking into account the fact that China’s road traffic is complex, mixed traffic phenomena are common, and frontal collisions are frequent in traffic accidents, in order to improve the safety of occupants in frontal collisions on special school buses, the standard specifies that the front of dedicated school buses should be equipped with collision safety structures. In the case of a front transverse engine, the centerline of the crankshaft of the engine should be located before the frontmost point of the front windshield ; if it is a front longitudinal engine, the centerline of the first cylinder and the second cylinder of the engine should be located before the frontmost point of the front windshield. ; if medium-sized dedicated bus (refer to the vehicle longer than six meters or less dedicated bus 12 meters) in the front crash performance of not less than the first two structures, the engine arrangement may not be defined. At the same time, in order to reduce the risk, the standard stipulates the maximum number of occupants for private school buses. Specifically, the number of child-only school buses shall not exceed 45. The school bus for primary school students and the school bus for primary and middle school students shall not exceed 56 persons.

( D ) The vehicle facilities are highly targeted. Taking into account the characteristics of special school bus occupants such as infants, primary school students, etc., they are active and have low self-control abilities. To improve the safety of the occupants during the running of a special school bus, the standards are based on the physical characteristics and vulnerable characteristics of infants, primary school students and other types of occupants. The requirements for the layout of infant and student seats ( including high backrest, seat armrests, seat spacing, front restraining partitions, etc. ) , strength of the fasteners, and the provision of two-point vehicle seat belts were proposed . It is stipulated that infant and student seats should be softened and not be folding seats. It is forbidden to install infants and student seats until the transverse vertical plane of the driver's seat R point is specified. There must be no holes inside and outside the vehicle that can easily catch the child's and pupil's fingers. The structure of the side windows of the passenger area of ​​a dedicated school bus should be at least 1/2 closed in the height direction . At the same time, the standard also stipulates the requirements for the seats of special school bus caretaker seats, in order to ensure the safety of children and students in the car during the journey by providing a corresponding number of caregivers.

( five ) more stringent security requirements. In order to improve the operational safety level of private school buses, the standard put forward more stringent requirements for the active safety of special school buses than ordinary long distance coaches and tourist coaches. Mainly include: The special school bus should install the speed limit device, and the maximum speed that the speed limit device sets when leaving the factory should not be greater than 80 kilometers / hours. For a dedicated school bus, when the occupant is fully loaded and the baggage compartment ( if any ) is unloaded, the roll stability angle measured according to GB/T 14172 shall not be less than 32 degrees. Special school buses should use steering assist devices. The dedicated school bus shall be equipped with a front window defrosting fog device, and the set external rearview mirror and endoscope shall ensure that the outside view and inside view of the vehicle are in compliance with the regulations, and a rear view system shall be installed to ensure that the driver can drive under normal driving conditions. Observe the situation of 3.6 meters long and 2.5 meters wide on the ground just behind the rear edge of the windshield . Dedicated school buses shall be equipped with anti-lock braking devices that comply with the regulations. They shall be equipped with radial tires without inner tubes and disc brakes shall be mounted on the front wheels . Dedicated school buses with a length greater than 8 meters shall be fitted with retarders or other auxiliary braking devices.

( 6 ) Passive safety requirements are higher. In order to reduce the harm caused to the occupants in the event of a collision accident with a dedicated school bus, the standard has increased the passive safety requirements for special school buses, and has made clear regulations on the structure design and strength of the vehicle body, bumpers, the number and location of exports, and the provision of first aid kits. . Large and medium-sized private school buses should be body frame structures. The top beams, columns and main beams of the same cross-section should form closed rings ( except wheel covers and top windscreens ) , from the side windows to the longitudinal beams between the bottom beams The column should adopt the integral structure, and the middle shall not be connected by fitting welding. If the light dedicated bus (refer to the vehicle longer than 5 m and less than or equal to 6 m private bus) body structure is not above structure, the structure of the cover should be used together with the reinforcing beam carried. The design of the top and upper structure of the special school bus should ensure that the special school bus can pass the top structural strength test and the superstructure strength test. The private school bus should have only one passenger door and be located between the right and the left front wheels. The left and right sides of the vehicle and the front and rear halves and the rear of the passenger zone should each have at least one outlet. Special school buses should be equipped with front and rear bumpers, and at least one first aid box must be installed and installed.

( g ) Strengthen fire safety. In order to reduce the chance of fire accidents in private school buses and reduce the loss after a fire accident, the standard has intensified the fire safety requirements of special school buses. The main requirements include: Special school buses should be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing devices in the engine compartment. The scope should include at least two heat sources ( such as superchargers, exhaust pipes, etc. ) in the engine compartment that are likely to cause fire hazards. They should be able to alert the driver through visual or acoustic signals when starting work. The maximum horizontal burning rate of passenger compartment interior materials for private school buses should not exceed 70 mm / min and the oxygen index OI should be greater than or equal to 22% . The special school bus shall be equipped with a safety emergency switch clearly marked with a method of operation near the driver's seat, and a protective cover or other means shall be used to avoid misoperation. The dedicated school bus crew compartment should be equipped with a fire extinguisher and a minimum of 2 kg ABC dry powder fire extinguisher should be provided near at least one caretaker’s seat and near the driver’s seat .

( 8 ) The air quality in the vehicle must be up to the standard. In order to better protect the physical health of dedicated school bus occupants, the standard stipulates the requirements for the air quality of private school buses. Specifically, the components in the air of the private school bus should meet the requirements of GB/T17729 “Air Quality Requirements for Long-Distance Passenger Cars” ; if natural ventilation cannot be provided, forced ventilation devices should be installed to allow air purification devices that can sterilize and eliminate harmful gases. Meet the air quality requirements.

( 9 ) Strengthen safety supervision. In order to strengthen the supervision of the operation safety of private school buses, the standard stipulates the requirements for the installation of the driving record device and the inside and outside video monitoring systems for the special school buses. Specifically, the special school buses shall be equipped with satellite positioning functions and shall comply with GB/T19056 Car Drive Recorder. The prescribed driving recorder and the display part of the driving recorder should be easy to observe. The data interface should facilitate the removal and insertion of removable storage media. Special school buses should be equipped with in-vehicle and out-of-vehicle video surveillance systems. The in-vehicle surveillance system should be able to monitor the behavior of drivers and the condition of the interior passages. The exterior monitoring system should be able to monitor the conditions in front of the vehicle and outside the passengers. In addition, it is noted that the provisions of GB24407-2012 "dedicated school bus safety and technical conditions", the standard prior to release or obtain permission before the implementation of the relevant provisions of the standard since May 1, 2013 through certified private school bus products. However, Article 17 of the "Regulations on the Administration of School Bus Safety" stipulates that "vehicles that obtain school bus signs shall be equipped with uniform school bus signs and parking indication signs", and Article 21 stipulates that "school buses shall be equipped with escape hammers, dry powder fire extinguishers, first aid boxes, etc." Safety devices are equipped with satellite positioning devices with driving record function in accordance with the regulations. According to this, special school bus products that have been licensed or certified prior to the issuance of the standard shall be provided with additional dedicated school bus lights when the new car leaves the factory. Parking safety signs, first aid kits, satellite positioning devices with driving record functions, and other safety devices.

Some of the information in this article is from the Internet and edited and compiled by China Rescue Equipment Network. Please indicate the link.