Exploring the development trend and categories of fingerprint recognition technology
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Fingerprint Recognition Technology Trends
At present, fingerprint identification is mainly used in attendance, access control, safes, and other areas. It is believed that with the improvement of fingerprint recognition technology, it will be widely used in more fields such as ID cards, motor vehicles, and home appliances...
After experiencing slow natural growth in the past 10 years, the fingerprint recognition technology is about to usher in a golden period of jumping development. Experts conservatively estimate that in the next five years, China will have nearly ten billion yuan of market waiting for companies to open up. The huge market prospect of fingerprint identification technology will have a huge impact on the international and domestic security industry. Smaller companies will face the ruthless competition of the newly entered large companies in traditional industries. In front of these giants, it is difficult for existing small and medium-sized companies to say that they have too much competitiveness, the industry is inevitably reshuffled, and mergers and withdrawals may become the helpless choice of most small and medium-sized companies. Eventually the company or large capital that may form the traditional industry will dominate the biometrics industry in a relatively short period of time. Of course, it is not ruled out that some companies with core competencies will grow into new large companies in the form of "fast fish eating slow fish." "Big fish" coexists with "fast fish." This is the inevitable result of every emerging market. The result of competition will form a new emerging industry.
The market opportunities for fingerprint recognition technology have already existed in the civil market. Then is there a time for scale application? It depends on the consumer awareness of fingerprint products, the stability of the product, and whether the price can be solved. In other words, whether the fingerprint recognition technology can be applied in a large scale in the civilian field requires three conditions: sufficient audience awareness, stable product quality and good service and guarantee, and the profit of the product is large enough.
The consumer awareness of fingerprint products, mainly refers to people's understanding of the application of fingerprint recognition technology. People here include manufacturers, distribution agents, engineering companies, and direct users. An interesting example is that access control requires the use of fingerprints. More than 80% of them are direct user requests. Most middlemen such as access control manufacturers, distribution agencies, and engineering firms do not actively recommend products. This is fingerprint recognition. The biggest problem that cannot be applied on a scale is the manifestation of low consumer awareness.
The stability of the product requires fingerprint manufacturers to have a deeper understanding of the security industry. The fingerprint products developed must be in compliance with the use specifications and satisfy most requirements and services.
Product prices are very important, especially at the product development stage. Some users will say that even if the product is stable, the price is inappropriate, as no! Analysis of income, take the middle line, avoid weaknesses, give full play to the absolute competitive advantage of the product in the market, this is the fundamental in the civilian market is invincible .
At present, fingerprint identification is mainly used in attendance, access control, safes, and other areas. It is believed that with the improvement of fingerprint identification technology, it will be widely used in more fields such as ID cards, motor vehicles, and home furnishing.
Fingerprinting technology type
There are four types of fingerprint image acquisition technologies: optical scanning devices (such as a microprism matrix), temperature-sensitive inductive fingerprint sensors, semiconductor fingerprint sensors, and ultrasonic fingerprint scanning.
Optical identification technology
Fingerprinting with optical technology is the oldest and most widely used technology. Put the finger on the optical lens and the finger shines on the built-in light source and project it onto the charge-coupled device (CCD) with a prism to form a ridge line (twist lines with a certain width and direction in the fingerprint image). The lines (recesses between the lines) are white, digitized, multi-gray fingerprint images that can be processed by the fingerprinting device algorithm.
The optical fingerprint acquisition technology has obvious advantages: it has been tested for a long time, adapts to a certain degree of temperature variation, can reach a higher resolution of 500 DPI, etc., most of which is low in price. There are also obvious disadvantages: Due to the requirement of a sufficiently long optical path, a sufficiently large size is required, and an excessively dry and excessively greasy finger also deteriorates the effect of the optical fingerprint product.
The limitation of optical fingerprint sensing is reflected in potential fingerprints (potential fingerprints are left after the finger is pressed on the platen), which not only reduces the quality of the fingerprint image, but also can cause the two fingerprints to overlap in severe cases. Obviously, it is difficult to satisfy. Practical application needs. In addition, the platen coating and the CCD array will wear out over time, which may result in a decrease in the quality of the acquired fingerprint image. However, there are disadvantages such as inability to perform live fingerprint identification and poor applicability to wet and dry fingers.
Optical fingerprinting systems can only scan the surface of the skin of a finger or scan to the layer of dead skin because light does not penetrate the surface of the skin (dead skin layer), but cannot penetrate deep into the dermis. In this case, the cleanness of the finger surface directly affects the recognition effect. If there is more dust on the user's finger, an identification error may occur. Also, if a fingerprint is used as a fingerprint model by a person, it may also pass through a recognition system, which is not very safe and stable for the user.
For example, in the prison escape case in Inner Mongolia that occurred at the end of last year, prisoners who escaped from prison were cut off the prisoner’s finger and verified the optical fingerprinting machine to open the prison’s access control. There are recent major media reports, in Taobao, about 100 yuan can be customized to buy silicone fingerprints, you can easily verify through the optical fingerprint machine, office workers specifically use it on behalf of fingerprint attendance.
In addition, the presence of a prism in an optical sensor has a large size, which is generally several times or even 10 times that of a semiconductor, and thus limits its application to a small device. There are no volume restrictions on large devices such as attendance machines and access controls, but the use of U disk, mobile hard disk, and handheld devices has become the biggest obstacle. Low cost has always been considered as the greatest advantage of optical sensors, but due to the consistency of its manufacturing process is difficult to guarantee, with the large-scale development of semiconductor sensors represented by capacitive sensors, the cost advantages of optical sensors are no longer evident. Although most companies still use optical sensors, their development trend is novel, high-quality semiconductor capacitive fingerprint sensors.
Temperature difference sensing technology
The temperature-sensitive inductive recognition technology is based on the principle of temperature sensing. Each pixel is equivalent to a miniaturized charge sensor. It is used to sense the temperature difference between a finger and a chip image area to generate a representative image information. The electrical signal.
Its advantage is that the fingerprint image can be acquired within 0.1s, and the sensor has the smallest volume and area. This is commonly referred to as a sliding fingerprint reader. Disadvantages are: subject to temperature limitations, over time, fingers and chips are at the same temperature.
Semiconductor Silicon Technology (Capacitive Technology)
In the late 1990s, the technology based on the semiconductor silicon capacitive effect tended to mature. The silicon sensor becomes one plate of the capacitor, and the finger is the other plate. The difference in capacitance between the ridges and valleys of the handprint line and the smooth silicon sensor forms an 8-bit grayscale image. The capacitive sensor emits an electronic signal, which passes through the surface of the finger and the layer of dead skin to the living layer (dermal layer) of the skin of the finger and reads the fingerprint pattern directly. Due to the depth of the dermis, the sensor can capture more real data, is less susceptible to dust on the surface of the finger, improves the accuracy of identification, and effectively prevents identification errors.
Semiconductor fingerprint sensors include semiconductor pressure sensors, semiconductor temperature sensors, etc. Among them, the most widely used is a semiconductor capacitive fingerprint sensor.
The semiconductor capacitance sensor determines whether or not the position is what, according to the difference in the capacitance values ​​formed by the fingerprint's enthalpy and enthalpy and the semiconductor capacitive sensing particles. Its working process is pre-charged to a certain reference voltage by capacitive sensing particles on each pixel. When a finger touches the semiconductor capacitor fingerprint, since the 嵴 is a bump and the 峪 is a recess, depending on the relationship between the capacitance and the distance, different capacitance values ​​will be formed at the 嵴 and 峪 points. Then discharge is performed using the discharge current. Because 嵴 and 峪 correspond to different capacitance values, their discharge speed is also different. The squat pixel (high capacitance) discharges slowly, while the squat pixel (low capacitance) discharges faster. According to the difference in the discharge rate, the positions of the helium and the cesium can be detected, thereby forming the fingerprint image data.
Unlike optical devices, which use manual adjustment to improve image quality, capacitive sensors use automatic control techniques to adjust the sensitivity of the fingerprint image pixels and the local area of ​​the fingerprint, and combine feedback information to generate high-quality images in different environments. Due to the local adjustment capability, even poor contrast images (such as areas where the finger is pressed lightly) can be effectively detected and the sensitivity can be increased for these pixels at the moment of capturing to generate high quality fingerprint images.
The advantage of the semiconductor capacitor fingerprint sensor is that the image quality is good, generally no distortion, small size, and easy integration in various devices. The electronic signal emitted from the finger will pass through the surface of the finger and the layer of dead skin to reach the living layer (dermis layer) of the skin of the finger and directly read the fingerprint pattern, thereby greatly improving the safety of the system.
The most important advantage of semiconductor silicon sensing technology is its ability to achieve biometric fingerprinting. Better image quality than optical technology can also be achieved on smaller surfaces, achieving 200-300 line resolution on a 1cm x 1.5cm surface (smaller surfaces also result in lower cost and can be integrated into more Small device). Small size, low cost, high imaging accuracy, and low power consumption, it is very suitable for use in security and high-end consumer electronics products, known as the second generation of optical fingerprint identification technology.
The semiconductor capacitor fingerprint sensor has complicated manufacturing processes, and has many sensing units per unit area, including high-end, IC design technology, large-scale integrated circuit manufacturing technology, and IC chip packaging technology. Therefore, the capacitive fingerprint sensor is almost entirely developed by IC technology countries. Or areas, such as the United States, Europe, Taiwan and other places designed and manufactured. At present, only a few domestic manufacturers have the ability to produce semiconductor fingerprint sensors.
However, semiconductor silicon sensing technology also has the disadvantage that it will be disturbed by static electricity, but it can be solved by grounding during installation. In the past, the cost was relatively expensive. In recent years, the cost has dropped drastically, and the cost of optical sensors has become increasingly close. This is currently the most ideal fingerprint identification technology. Such as bank vaults and prisons and other high-risk security venues security access control system, the use of semiconductor silicon sensor technology fingerprint sensor for front-end living fingerprint identification, instead of the traditional password, credit card, optical fingerprint machine, so that the only true identity identification To ensure that nothing is lost.
Ultrasound technology
Ultrasonic fingerprinting is a new type of technology. The principle is to use ultrasonic waves to penetrate the material and produce echoes of different sizes depending on the material. When ultrasonic waves reach different materials, they are absorbed, penetrated and reflected to different extents. ). Therefore, by using the difference in acoustic impedance between the skin and the air, it is possible to distinguish between the location of the fingerprint and the ankle.
Ultrasonic technology uses an ultrasonic frequency of 1x104Hz-1x109Hz, and the energy is controlled at a lossless level to the human body (the same intensity as medical diagnosis). Ultrasound technology products can achieve the best accuracy, it requires less cleanliness of the fingers and the plane, but its acquisition time will be significantly longer than the aforementioned two types of products, and the price is expensive, and it can not be done live fingerprint recognition, so at present Use sparsely.
Rivets
Rivets are a permanent mechanical fastener. Before being installed a rivet consists of a smooth cylindrical shaft with a head on one end. The end opposite the head is called the buck-tail. On installation the rivet is placed in a punched or drilled hole, and the tail is upset, or bucked (i.e., deformed), so that it expands to about 1.5 times the original shaft diameter, holding the rivet in place.
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Rivets are a permanent mechanical fastener. Before being installed a rivet consists of a smooth cylindrical shaft with a head on one end. The end opposite the head is called the buck-tail. On installation the rivet is placed in a punched or drilled hole, and the tail is upset, or bucked (i.e., deformed), so that it expands to about 1.5 times the original shaft diameter, holding the rivet in place.
Rivets Categories:
About Rivets,it is also belong to connecting and fastening,
Normally it can be divided into several categories:Solid Rivets,Rivet Nuts,Blind Rivets and so on.
And our Non-standard Rivets can be produce according to drawings and samples.
We have ability to control the quality during production before sending to customers. We wish to do your best supplier of Rivets in China..
Rivets Purpose:
We are manufacture to supply our Rivets to our customers,We Have responsibility to give our best goods with good quality . So we will track all step to customers at all times. such as: products requirement,Technology and property ,package,shipment ,and files ,and sales serve,
Welcome all of you to contact with us,we promise to give our the best We are improving as your supporting.