China Daily News: Recently, the reporter promoted the research and application of genetically modified technology and interviewed the head of the Agricultural Genetically Modified Organism Safety Management Office of the Ministry of Agriculture.

Q: Why should China advance the research and application of transgenic technology?

A: Transgenic technology is the core of modern biotechnology. Using genetically modified technology to breed new varieties with high yield, high quality, multi-resistance and high efficiency can reduce pesticide and fertilizer inputs, alleviate resource constraints, protect the ecological environment, improve product quality, and expand agricultural functions. And so on have an important role. At present, many countries in the world use genetically modified biotechnology as a strategic choice to support development and lead the future. Transgenic technology has become a strategic focus for countries to seize the commanding heights of science and technology and enhance the international competitiveness of agriculture.

China is a populous country, and solving the food problem of 1.3 billion people has always been a top priority. In the process of rapid industrialization and urbanization, breakthroughs in the constraints on resources such as arable land and water to ensure national food security and long-term effective supply of agricultural products depend, in the final analysis, on technological innovation and application. Promoting the research and application of transgenic technology is a major development strategy that focuses on future international competition and industrial division of labor, and is an inevitable requirement and an important way to ensure national food security. After years of efforts, China has made significant achievements in important gene excavation, cultivation of new transgenic varieties, and industrialization applications. At present, we must conscientiously implement the national special major projects for the cultivation of new varieties of genetically modified organisms, strive to seize the commanding heights of future economic and technological competition, accelerate the research and application of genetically modified biotechnology and the healthy development, and provide strong scientific and technological support for the sustainable development of agriculture in China.

Q: What is the development trend of the international GM technology industry?

A: Since the first commercial application of genetically modified crops in 1996, developed countries have taken GM technology as a strategic priority to seize the commanding heights of science and technology and enhance the international competitiveness of agriculture. Developing countries have also actively followed up, research and development of global transgenic technology and rapid industrial development. . Presents the following features:

First, technological innovation is changing with each passing day. The research methods and equipment of GM technology have been continuously improved, and gene cloning technology has advanced by leaps and bounds. New genes, new traits, new methods and new products are emerging.

The second is that breeds are characterized by modern times. The new varieties of genetically modified organisms in the world have changed from first-generation products such as insect-resistant and herbicide-resistant products to second-generation products such as improved nutritional quality and increased production, and third-generation products such as industrial, pharmaceutical, and bioreactors. The compound traits of polymerization are becoming the focus of research and application of transgenic technology.

Third, the scale of industrialization applications has rapidly expanded. Twenty-five countries around the world have approved the commercialization of 24 GM crops. The speed of industrialization of genetically modified crops, represented by genetically modified soybeans, cotton, maize, and rapeseed, was significantly increased. The planting area grew from 1.7 million hectares in 1996 to 134 million hectares in 2009. It has increased 79 times in 14 years.

Fourth, ecological and economic benefits are very significant. From 1996 to 2007, the cumulative income of global transgenic crops was as high as 44 billion U.S. dollars, and cumulative use of pesticides was 359,000 tons. In 2008, a total of 55 countries around the world approved 24 kinds of genetically modified crops for sale on the market, with a market value of US$7.5 billion.

Fifth, international competition has become increasingly fierce. The United States, Canada and Australia are accelerating the research and safety evaluation process of genetically modified wheat. The scale of planting transgenic cotton in India has exceeded our country. Due to the cultivation of genetically modified soybeans in Brazil, the international competitiveness of the soybean industry has increased significantly. The EU already has six countries that allow the planting of genetically modified crops. The United States has approved the planting of six transgenic rice varieties and Iran has approved one. Canada and Mexico have approved applications for the import of herbicide-tolerant rice, allowing them to eat.

Q: What are the laws and regulations for the safety management of genetically modified organisms in China?

A: The Chinese government attaches great importance to the safety management of agricultural genetically modified organisms, adheres to legislation first, has laws to follow, and protects the law. It has formed a set of laws and regulations, technical regulations, and management systems that suit China's national conditions and converge with international practices. The implementation of safety management has achieved remarkable results.

The first is to establish sound laws and regulations. In 1996, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the “Implementation Measures for the Safety Management of Agricultural Biological Gene Engineering”. In 2001, the State Council promulgated the "Regulations on the Safety Management of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms" (hereinafter referred to as the "Regulations"), and carried out the whole process safety management of agricultural genetically modified organisms engaged in the research, testing, production, processing, operation, and import and export activities in China. . After the "Regulations" were promulgated and implemented, the Ministry of Agriculture and the State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine had successively formulated five supporting regulations, issued a catalogue of genetically modified organisms, and established systems for research, testing, production, processing, operations, import licensing, and approval and labeling management.

The second is to strengthen the technical system. The Ministry of Agriculture has established the Agricultural Genetically Modified Organism Safety Committee and the National Agricultural Genetically Modified Organism Safety Management Standardization Technical Committee, and has established a number of safety supervision and inspection and testing institutions, among which 35 have passed the national measurement certification and the Ministry of Agriculture review and approval. By the end of 2009, the Ministry of Agriculture had issued 62 safety technical standards for genetically modified organisms, which ensured the technical requirements for legal administrative supervision.

The third is to strengthen administrative supervision and management. Since the implementation of the “Regulations”, agricultural administrative departments at all levels have continuously improved management rules and practically strengthened the supervision of administrative law enforcement in such areas as field trials, variety examinations, seed production operations and product identification, and ensured that all activities were carried out in an orderly manner. Vigorously carry out law training and popular science propaganda, and strive to improve the safety awareness and management level of developers, operators and managers.

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