Lifting the "ten-faced crouching" energy war must start
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Foggy is a natural phenomenon, which has been recorded and described in ancient and modern literature. For example, Mr. Zhu Ziqing's "thin blue fog floats in the lotus pond" described in the prose "Hollywood Moonlight" reveals a kind of beauty. However, the smog weather in recent days can no longer give any beauty.
Most of the fog locks in China, although related to the natural conditions such as falling wind speed and increased humidity, the excessive discharge of pollutants is undoubtedly the chief culprit of heavy pollution. The Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Department said that the large amount of emissions from coal, motor vehicles, industry, dust and other pollution sources is the root cause of the serious pollution caused by this smog weather. This is a profound warning to China's environmental protection work.
It is obviously difficult to form a long-term mechanism to reduce the pollutant discharge of key polluting units, to urge the construction unit to control dust, and to force the official units to stop driving part of the official vehicles. To change the current situation of environmental pollution and reverse the trend of environmental degradation, it is necessary to completely transform the economic development mode, better control energy consumption growth, and promote energy conservation and emission reduction.
At present, the environmental protection department lacks strong enforcement measures, and it is difficult for the sewage disposal enterprises to be effectively implemented. The penalty of a maximum fine of 50,000 yuan is not painful for polluting enterprises and will not play its due role. In some places, due to taxation and employment considerations, the default even supports the production of some energy-intensive and highly polluting enterprises. Therefore, it is a very urgent task to strengthen the law enforcement effectiveness of the environmental protection department and increase the penalties for polluting enterprises.
Objectively speaking, China is still in the middle of industrialization, and the development stage is still relatively lagging behind. The per capita GDP is only about 1/10 of that of the United States. Development is the last word. In this context, changing the energy structure and promoting the use of clean energy is a more realistic path for China to save energy and reduce emissions and protect the environment.
From the perspective of energy structure, China's clean energy power generation accounts for less than 30% of the total installed capacity, and coal accounts for about 70% of China's total primary energy production and consumption. One of the direct causes of the smog is that the heating in the north has led to an increase in coal consumption. The consumption of nearly 4 billion tons of coal per year brings an unbearable burden to the environment. To reduce pollutants, especially pollutants, it is necessary to change the coal-based energy structure and minimize the use of fossil fuels such as coal and oil.
In the long run, the development of renewable energy and clean energy such as wind, solar and hydropower is an inevitable measure to solve China's energy supply and promote energy conservation and emission reduction. At present, these energy sources are still subject to factors such as technology, cost, grid connection and total water resources.
Increasing the development of natural gas and nuclear power is also a viable option. The data show that China has many types of shale gas resources and relatively concentrated distribution. The potential of recoverable resources is 25 trillion cubic meters (excluding Qinghai-Tibet), which is equivalent to the conventional natural gas in China's land, and is similar to the 24 trillion cubic meters in the United States. Some analysts even believe that the reserves of shale gas in China are much larger than those in the United States. Therefore, China must improve the technology of shale gas exploitation and development as soon as possible, reduce the cost of shale gas development, solve the pollution problems brought about by development, and encourage private capital to enter the shale gas exploration and development field.
The development and utilization of nuclear power should also be steadily advanced on the basis of safety and reliability. It should be said that the current nuclear power technology is guaranteed in safety. The Fukushima nuclear crisis should not disrupt the pace of China's nuclear power development and utilization. Compared with the use of nuclear power in France and other countries, accounting for more than 70%, China's nuclear power development is still lagging behind. As a relatively clean and relatively low-cost energy source, we should steadily promote its development and utilization.
As China's dependence on foreign oil reaches 57%, and even approaches 60%, the issue of energy security is increasingly important. Increasing the use of unconventional energy is both a need to ensure energy security and an effective way to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction. Coal-based energy structure, contradictions and problems have become increasingly prominent, and with the maturity of new energy technologies, it has become possible to change the coal-based energy structure in the short term.
The heavy pollution caused by a large number of smog for several days has sounded the alarm for environmental protection for the people. The fog has dispersed and the action must begin.