The polymer membrane ion selective electrode is a potential type sensor technology developed in the 1960s. It has the advantages of high selectivity, convenient use, low cost, and reliable performance. It has been widely used in clinical detection and environmental analysis. And other fields. In order to further improve the membrane electrode response characteristics and expand the application of potential sensing, Qin Wei, a researcher of the Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Process and Bioremediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Studies, Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted a systematic study:

1. High-sensitivity potential detection under strong electrolyte background conditions

Due to the influence of interference ions, ion-selective electrodes cannot be applied to the determination of strong electrolyte background samples such as seawater for a long time. To this end, the research group developed an asymmetric polymer ion-selective membrane that applies a lipophilic ion exchanger directly on the surface of the polymer membrane rather than uniformly inside the polymer membrane, effectively eliminating the surface of the electrode membrane. The diffusion of the main ions into the interior of the membrane improves the sensitivity of the ion-selective electrode for the detection of trace amounts of the detected ions. At the same time, the rotating electrode technology significantly reduces the thickness of the aqueous diffusion layer and increases the diffusion rate of the main ions in the aqueous phase. In this study, copper ion was used as the detection target, and a sensitive polymer membrane sensitive electrode rotating electrode system was used under the condition of 0.5 mol/L NaCl background to realize the detection of high sensitive potential of copper ion in strong electrolyte matrix. The detection limit was 3.5. ×10-10 mol/L. This research work provides new ideas for the further development of trace heavy metal ion detection technology in seawater. The related research results were published in Analytical Chemistry of the United States (Anal. Chem., 2012, 84 (24), 10509–10513; IF=5.856).

2. Potential-based biosensing technology based on ion responses of unsteady intermediate products

Conventional ion-selective electrode biosensing technology generally uses the potential signal of a reactant or a steady-state product ion in a chemical reaction to sense; some chemical reactions with important analytical significance, because the reactants and products are non-ionic, long-term It has not been considered suitable for potential detection. For this reason, the research group proposed a detection concept based on the potential response of the intermediate state products of ions, that is, by designing a sensitive membrane that can selectively capture the ion intermediate products, the potential detection of such chemical reactions can be realized. Using peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of N,N',N,N'-tetramethylbenzidine as an example, by capturing non-steady-state cation radicals and imine cations, dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid doping The polymer liquid film enables a highly sensitive indication of this reaction. The detection limit of hydrogen peroxide in this method is 10-9 M, which is three orders of magnitude lower than the detection limit of hydrogen peroxide in the current potential analysis technology. It can meet the needs of hydrogen peroxide detection in environmental water such as seawater and rainwater. . The relevant research results were published in the British Chemical Communications (Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 4073-4075; IF = 6.169).

3. New biosensing model based on potential response of neutral molecules

The potential response of neutral phenol molecules on the polymer membrane electrode is one of the important findings in the field of potential analysis in the past two decades. However, due to the low sensitivity and other issues, the potential response of neutral phenols has never been applied in environmental or biological analysis. For the first time, the research group found that the neutral oligomeric phenol has a significantly better anionic potential response than the monomer phenol on a quaternary ammonium salt-doped polymer liquid membrane electrode. Based on this, the first potential-type nuclease biosensor was developed by using the G-quadruplex nuclease to catalyze the generation of oligomeric phenol from phenol. Compared to photometric analysis and fluorescence analysis, potentiometric nuclease sensors have advantages such as high sensitivity, low cost, and resistance to color and turbidity interference. The sensing technology can realize nucleic acid hybridization analysis and DNA damage detection in homogeneous solution, and has a good application prospect in the identification of nucleic acid toxicity of environmental pollutants. Related results have been published online in Analytical Chemistry in the United States (Anal. Chem., 2013, DOI: 10.1021/ac3035629; IF=5.856).

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