Just as human beings can learn foreign languages ​​through learning, bees can also understand the unique dance language among different populations and thus correctly transmit honey source information.

A beehive study conducted by Chinese scientists showed that the Chinese bee from Asia and the Italian bee from Europe do indeed speak different “dialects”, but the two bees can exchange information with each other in a mixed bee colony and can understand through learning. The dance language of each other, and according to the information conveyed by the dance language successfully finds the designated food source.

The results of this study were recently published in the scientific journal PLoS ONE. The main researchers include Dr. Su Songkun from Animal Science College of Zhejiang University, Professor Zhang Shaowu from Australian National University, Professor Chen Shenglu from Zhejiang University, Professor Jürgen Tauz from University of Wuerzburg, Germany.

Dr. Su Songkun, the first author of the paper and bee expert, said in a telephone interview with Xinhua News Agency on May 5th: “There are significant differences in the timing and manner of the tailings of the two bees during the dance. The bees pass the tail to transmit the distance and direction of the nectar. And other important information. Different kinds of bees do exist in different 'dialects', but they can understand each other in a common life."

Genn Robinson, an entomologist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, said: "This paper provides the best evidence for the existence of dialects among bees."

The scientific community generally believes that after honeybees find good sources of honey and collect honey to return to the hive, they will make a regular movement to their peers. This kind of movement is akin to human dance. The dancers gather information about the source of the bees and tell the companions. It can find the same source of honey. The Austrian zoologist Karl von Frisch received the 1973 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for his scientific discovery of the bee dance language.

However, the scientific community has not been conclusive as to whether there are "dialects" in the bees' world. The study of bee dance language has extremely important scientific significance for the evolution of bee cognitive ability and the evolution of other language capabilities.

After conducting a laboratory study, Su Songkun led the scientific team to Dameixi near the Fujian Zhangzhou Agricultural School for two years of field experiments. The experiment found that when the Chinese honeybee transmits information, it has a longer swing time and a larger swing. When mixed with Italian bee colonies, Apis mellifera can quickly understand the different dance languages ​​of Italian bees and find the honey source correctly. The study also showed that Italian honeybees also have the ability to interpret different "dialects", but the accuracy and speed of understanding is not as good as that of Chinese bees.

Another research innovation of Su Songkun's team is to successfully bring different populations of bees together. Different populations of bees are mutually exclusive due to their different odors, and the mixed bees are most likely to suffer cruel mutual fighting until the alien species is expelled.

Su Songkun said that the ongoing research has only achieved initial results. Can different populations of bees improve their ability to interpret behaviour through continuous honey-collecting behavior? Is the process of learning improvement in different populations different from the process of mutual learning within the same population? After understanding the dancing language of alien bees, will learning whether this will change their original dance habits? All of these will be questions that researchers are trying to answer. (Yu Yu)

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