The essentials for foliar fertilization

When to use foliar spray fertilizer, foliar fertilization is an auxiliary method for crop fertilization. In addition to the nutrients needed for the crop to be absorbed from the soil by the root system, the foliage can also absorb nutrients, but it cannot replace the root fertilization. Foliar fertilization is mainly used to help crops supplement some micronutrients or growth regulators, which is also necessary to improve crop yield and improve quality. In addition, under certain special circumstances, such as the reproductive growth stage of the late stage crops, it is also an important period of yield formation. The above-ground parts such as fruits lack micronutrients such as calcium and boron, and at this time, the root activity decreases and the nutrient absorption capacity decreases. This needs to be supplemented by leaf fertilization; in the case of high temperature and dry season, the surface soil layer is dry and there is no irrigation condition, according to the soil, the effective nutrient transportation is not smooth, or in the water accumulation block, the crop roots are deprived of oxygen, resulting in the crop cannot In the special case of normal absorption, foliar fertilization should be used. The main problems solved by foliar fertilization are the supply of medium and trace elements; the second is to alleviate the difficulty of roots temporarily unable to absorb nutrients.

The main advantages and disadvantages of foliar fertilization are that the leaves absorb faster than the roots and can quickly provide nutrients to the plants. However, the shortcoming is that the application rate is limited and the effect is relatively short. The efficiency of leaf nutrition is related to the leaf structure, and the leaf has low permeability to mineral nutrients, especially the leaves with thick keratin. Leaves of crops such as olives, citrus and coffee. The fertilizer drops do not easily penetrate into the leaves, and the water droplets of the liquid fertilizer slide down from the surface, causing loss. If it is raining soon after spraying, the rain will lose the liquid fertilizer, and the high temperature spraying in the windy weather will cause the fertilizer to dry quickly on the leaf surface, which may reduce the effect of foliar fertilization.

In addition, its advantages are: direct supply of nutrients, avoiding the fixation and degradation of nutrients in the soil, and the efficiency of nutrient use is higher than that of soil fertilization.

The disadvantage of foliar fertilization is that the fertilizer effect is short-lived and it is an auxiliary fertilization method.

Foliar fertilization should master the skills to choose fertilizer components, foliar fertilization is mainly to supply trace elements, but a large number of trace elements combined to facilitate the absorption and utilization of nutrients. To determine the variety of fertilizers, one must be regarded as the demand for the goods. Second, it is necessary to look at the soil to limit the types of nutrients, improve the pertinence of foliar fertilization, and not choose the replenishing solution of Shiquan, which is expensive and non-targeting, and the effect is not good. For example, to solve the problem of chlorosis of new leaves in northern peanuts, it is necessary to spray iron; etc.; to increase the 1000-grain weight of winter wheat during the grain filling period, spray urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

The concentration of leaf fertilizer should be fixed. If the concentration is too high, it will damage the leaves, but it will reduce the fertilizer efficiency. If the concentration is too low, it will not work.

The time and climatic conditions of the fertilizer application should be selected, for example, to avoid spraying before the rain; during the growth period, the key period of nutrition and efficiency should be selected.

The number of times of spraying fertilizer is generally required to be sprayed twice or more, and the specific number is determined according to the effect.

(Senior Consultant of Sinofert, Professor of China Agricultural University, Cao Yiping)
Farmers Daily
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