Vegetable soil testing and fertilization technology has the characteristics of increasing production and income, saving fertilizer, improving fertilizer utilization rate, and reducing nitrate pollution to vegetables and the environment.
I. Soil testing formula Fertilization principle According to the vegetable yield and nutrient uptake and the soil nutrient status of the vegetable field, the fertilization amount is determined, and the fertilization period is determined according to the nutritional and physiological characteristics of the vegetables. Vegetable seedlings need less nutrients, and more nutrients are needed during vigorous growth and product formation. Organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers are generally used as a basis for sowing and planting of vegetables, and quick-acting nitrogen and potassium fertilizers can be used for topdressing in the middle of vegetable growth. The number of top dressings can be determined according to the length of growth period of vegetables. Vegetables with short growth period can be used to catch 1~2 times of fertilizer in the middle of growth period. Vegetables with long growing period can chase 3~4 times of fertilizer when there is more nutrient demand. Generally, every 15 to 20 days, chasing 1 to 2 times of fertilizer, generally chasing 1 to 2 times of fertilizer every 15 to 20 days, and determining fertilization methods according to different vegetables and different fertilizers. Phosphate fertilizer is easy to be fixed by soil, and should be applied centrally, strip application or acupoint application. Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are generally applied as ditching or acupoints, and can be applied with water in the later stages of growth.
1. Adding organic fertilizer is best to apply organic fertilizer with more cellulose (ie higher carbon to nitrogen ratio), which can greatly enhance the nutrient buffering capacity of the soil, prevent salt accumulation and delay the soil salinization process.
2. The scientific monitoring of the fertilization is used to monitor the concentration of the soil solution using a conductivity meter (also often written as an EC meter and the measured data is an EC value). If there is a certain EC value, vegetables will have a birth retardation. If it is found to be close to the critical value, stop fertilizing and properly watering.
3. Deepening the ploughing of the soil due to the accumulation of salt in the soil of the protected area, after the vegetables are harvested, deep-turning, turning the topsoil rich in salt to the lower layer, turning the lower layer of soil with less salt to the top Can greatly reduce salt damage.
4. Use the change of the gap, remove the salt, dissolve the salt or fill the salt, wash the salt, and remove the film. After the harvest in the rainy season, if there is no film for 10 days, the sun and rain will be effective for eliminating the soil obstacle; or at high temperature. Season, the flooding of large water, the ground cover film to raise the water temperature, not only can wash salt, but also can kill the bacteria, which is conducive to the high yield and stable production of vegetables.
5. Deep application of base fertilizer, deep application of fertilizer fertilizer when using fertilizer as base fertilizer, try to "small number of times" when topdressing, it is best to mix fertilizer and organic fertilizer on the ground, and then plough. Top dressing is generally difficult to apply in depth, so it is necessary to strictly control the amount of fertilizer applied each time, and increase the number of top dressings to meet the demand for nutrients in vegetables. It is not possible to apply too much fertilizer at one time, resulting in an increase in the concentration of soil solution.
6. It is strongly advocated that the root-dressing plants mainly rely on the roots to absorb nutrients, and the leaves and tender stems can also absorb nutrients directly from the solution sprayed on the surface. In the cultivation of protected areas, since the top dressing does not add trouble to the soil, it should be strongly advocated. Urea and superphosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, as well as some trace elements, are suitable as top dressings.
7. Ground cover for ground cover has a significant effect on the inhibition of surface salt.
Second, the main vegetable formula fertilization technology 1. Cabbage fertilization technology produces 1000 kg of cabbage, which requires 1.6 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 1.8 kg of potassium oxide. 0.5 to 10,000 kg of cabbage per mu requires 8 to 16 kg of pure nitrogen, 4 to 8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 9 to 18 kg of potassium oxide. Before the sowing of cabbage, 5,000 kg of organic fertilizer and 25 to 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer were applied. Cabbage enters the rosette stage for the first top dressing, applying 3-6 kg of pure nitrogen and 3-6 kg of potassium oxide. The second top dressing is carried out at the beginning of the ball or the top of the heart. The pure nitrogen is 3-6 kg and the potassium oxide is 3-6 kg. In the middle of the ball or the center of the heart, the third top dressing is applied, and the pure nitrogen is 2 to 4 kg, and the potassium oxide is 3 to 6 kg.
2. Cabbage fertilization technology produces 1000 kg of cabbage, which requires 2.0 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.72 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 2.2 kg of potassium oxide, 3,000 to 5,000 kg of cabbage, and 6 to 10 kg of pure nitrogen and 2.2 to 3.6 kg of phosphorus pentoxide. Potassium oxide 6.6 ~ 11 kg. Before planting cabbage, 2,500 kg of organic fertilizer and 20 to 25 kg of phosphate fertilizer were applied. Cabbage enters the rosette stage for the first top dressing, applying 36 kg of pure nitrogen and 3.3-5.5 kg of potassium oxide. Enter the cabbage period, carry out the second top dressing, apply 3 to 6 kg of pure nitrogen and 3.3 to 5.5 kg of potassium oxide.
3. Tomato fertilization technology to produce 1000 kg of tomatoes requires 3.86 kg of pure chlorine, 1.15 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 4.44 kg of potassium oxide. The yield of 4,000-5,000 kilograms of tomatoes per mu requires 15.4 to 19.3 kg of pure nitrogen, 4.6 to 5.8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 17.8 to 22.2 kg of potassium oxide.
Before planting tomatoes, apply 5,000 kg of organic fertilizer and 30-50 kg of phosphate fertilizer. Generally, when the first ear fruit begins to expand to the size of table tennis, the first top dressing can be carried out, and the pure nitrogen is 5-6 kg, and the potassium oxide is 6-7 kg. The second top dressing is in the first time when the ear is about to be harvested. When the second ear is swollen to the size of the table tennis, the pure nitrogen is 5-7 kg and the potassium oxide is 6-8 kg. The third top dressing is about to be harvested in the second ear, and when the third ear is swollen to the size of the table tennis, the pure nitrogen is 5-6 kg and the potassium oxide is 6-7 kg.
4. Sweet pepper fertilization technology to produce 1000 kg of sweet pepper requires 5.2 kg of pure nitrogen, 1.1 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 6.5 kg of potassium oxide. The yield of sweet pepper is 4000-5000 kg, and the phosphate fertilizer is 30-40 kg. When the seedlings are over and the first ear is grown to the size of the walnut, the first top dressing is carried out, and the pure nitrogen is 5-6 kg and the potassium oxide is 6-8 kg. When entering the first ear fruit (men pepper) is about to be harvested, the second layer of fruit (for pepper) and the third layer of fruit (four mothers) continue to expand and the third layer of fruit is falling, the peak of fertilizer demand The second top dressing should be applied again, applying 6-7 kg of pure nitrogen and 7-8 kg of potassium oxide. The third top dressing was carried out about half a month later, and the amount of fertilizer applied was the same as the second time. After 15 to 20 days, the fourth top dressing was carried out, and the amount of fertilizer applied was the same as the first time.
5. The fertilization technology of eggplant produces 1000 kg of eggplant, which requires 3.2 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.94 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 4.5 kg of potassium oxide. The yield of eggplant is 4000-5000 kg per mu, and it requires pure hydrogen 12.8 kg to 16 kg, phosphorus pentoxide 3.8-4.7 kg, and potassium oxide 18-22.5 kg. Before the planting of the eggplant, the organic fertilizer is 5000 kg and the phosphate fertilizer is 25-35 kg. When the “door eggplant” reaches the “eye-opening period” (called “blinking eye” when the ovary expands to expose the flower bud after fertilization), the fruit begins to grow rapidly. At this time, the first top dressing is applied, and the pure nitrogen is applied for 4 to 5 kg. Potassium 6 to 7 kg. When the "toxin" fruit is inflated, the "four-mother bucket" begins to develop, which is the peak of eggplant fertilizer. After the second top dressing, the application of pure nitrogen is 5-6 kg and the potassium oxide is 6-8 kg. Half a month after the second top dressing, the third top dressing was carried out, and the amount of fertilizer applied was the same as the first time.
6. Cucumber fertilization technology to produce 1000 kg of cucumber requires 2.6 kg of pure nitrogen, 1.5 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 3.5 kg of potassium oxide, 4000 to 5000 kg of cucumber, 10.4 to 13 kg of pure nitrogen, 6 to 15 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide. 14 to 15.7 kg. The first top dressing was carried out at the beginning of the melon, and the pure nitrogen was 3 to 4 kg and the potassium oxide was 4 to 6 kg. In the early stage of the melon, the second top dressing was carried out, and the pure nitrogen was 3 to 4 kg and the potassium oxide was 5 to 6 kg. In the middle of the melon, the third top dressing was carried out, and the pure nitrogen was 3 to 4 kg and the potassium oxide was 5 to 6 kg. Before planting, apply 5,000 kg of organic fertilizer and 40-50 kg of phosphate fertilizer.
7. The radish fertilization technology produces 1000 kg of radish with 2.0 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.7 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 2.9 kg of potassium oxide. 5000 kg of radish per mu requires 10 kg of pure nitrogen, 3.5 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 14.5 kg of potassium oxide. Before the radish sowing, 2500 kg of organic fertilizer and 25 kg of phosphate fertilizer were applied. Enter the rosette period, carry out the first top dressing, apply 5 kg of pure nitrogen and 7 kg of potassium oxide. The second top dressing was carried out at the peak of the growth of the fleshy roots, and 5 kg of pure nitrogen and 7 kg of potassium oxide were applied per mu.
8. Carrot fertilization technology requires 1000 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 5.7 kg of potassium oxide to produce 1000 kg of carrots. The yield of carrots is 3,000-4,000 kg per mu, 7.2-9.6 kg of pure nitrogen, 2.4-3.2 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 17.1-22.8 kg of potassium oxide. Before the sowing of carrots, 2500 kg of organic fertilizer and 25-30 kg of phosphate fertilizer were applied. Enter the rosette period, carry out the first top dressing, apply 3 to 4 kg of pure nitrogen and 8 to 10 kg of potassium oxide. In the succulent root growth period, the second top dressing is carried out, and 4-5 kg ​​of pure nitrogen and 8-12 kg of potassium oxide are applied per mu.
9. The celery fertilization technology produces 1000 kg of celery, which requires 2.0 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.93 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 3.9 kg of potassium oxide. The yield of celery is 4000-5000 kg, and it requires 8-10 kg of pure nitrogen, 3.7-4.6 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 15.6-9. kg of potassium oxide. Before the celery is planted, the application of organic fertilizer is 4000-5000 kg and the phosphate fertilizer is 25-35 kg. The plant enters a vigorous growth period and carries out the first top dressing. The application of pure nitrogen is 2.3 kg and the potassium oxide is 5-6 kg. After half a month, the second top dressing was carried out, and the pure nitrogen was 3 to 4 kg and the potassium oxide was 5 to 7 kg. After half a month into the third top dressing, the application of pure nitrogen 3 kg, potassium oxide 5 ~ 6 kg.
10. Garlic fertilization technology produces 1,000 kg of garlic, which requires 5.1 kg of pure nitrogen, 1.3 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 1.8 kg of potassium oxide. 1000-1500 kg of garlic per mu, 5.1 to 7.6 kg of pure nitrogen, 1.3 to 2.0 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 1.8 to 2.7 kg of potassium oxide. Before the planting of garlic, the application of organic fertilizer is 2,500-3,000 kg, and the phosphate fertilizer is 10-15 kg. Garlic is the first time to topdress in the vigorous growth period, applying 2 to 3 kg of pure nitrogen and 1 kg of potassium oxide. Enter the bulb expansion period for the second top dressing, apply 3 to 4 kg of pure nitrogen and 1 to 2 kg of potassium oxide.
11. The production of 1000 kg of leek by amaranth fertilization technology requires 3.7 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 3.1 kg of potassium oxide. 5000 kilograms of amaranth per mu requires 18.5 kilograms of pure nitrogen, 4 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, and 15.5 kilograms of potassium oxide. Before the planting of leeks, 5,000 kg of organic fertilizer and 30 kg of phosphate fertilizer were applied. More than ten days after the amaranth roots have been planted, new roots have already occurred. The first top dressing can be combined with watering, and 3 kg of pure nitrogen and 3 kg of potassium oxide are applied per mu. From the beginning of September to the beginning of October, it is the strongest period of assimilation function. It should be combined with watering, and every 10 to 15 days, the fertilizer should be used once, and the amount of fertilizer applied is the same as the first time. From the spring of the second year, the harvest can be started. The harvest is 3-4 times a year. After each harvest, when the sprouts grow to 3 cm high, the fertilizer can be applied once and the amount of fertilizer is the same as before.