This article focuses on the differences between iron and steel:

Iron is divided into pig iron and wrought iron. The wrought iron, steel and pig iron are all iron-carbon alloys, which are distinguished by the amount of carbon. Generally, the content of carbon containing less than 0.2% is called wrought iron or pure iron, the content of which is 0.2-1.7% of steel, and the content of 1.7% or more is called pig iron. The cooked iron is soft, good in plasticity, easy to deform, low in strength and hardness, and not widely used; pig iron contains a lot of carbon, hard and brittle, and has almost no plasticity;

Steel has the advantages of both pig iron and wrought iron, and is widely used by humans.

When selecting materials for casting swords, the material usually used is pig iron. However, when casting a sword, it must be refined steel. What is the difference between pig iron and steel? We know that the main difference between pig iron, wrought iron and steel is that the carbon content is more than 2% iron, called pig iron; the iron with less than 0.05% carbon is called wrought iron; the carbon content is 0. The iron in 05%-2% is called steel. The knife made of block iron-making and carbon-permeable steel is relatively sharp, but it still can't reach the level of “breaking the jade and cutting the iron like mud”.

Since the quality of this steel is not good enough, it is very difficult to grasp the degree of infiltration of this steel carbon, the degree of impurity distribution, and the production efficiency is extremely low. In order to improve the quality of steel, ancient Chinese craftsmen invented the new technology of "100 steelmaking" from the middle of the Western Han Dynasty. Shen Kuo, a famous scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty, described the process of the magnetic steel in Baizhou in "Meng Xi Bi Tan", which is the continuous burning and forging for more than 100 times. The so-called "100 steelmaking" means that the block iron making is repeatedly heated and folded for forging, so that the steel structure is dense, the composition is uniform, and the impurities are reduced, thereby improving the quality of the steel. The sword made of hundreds of steels is of high quality.

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