Quality Control in the Construction Stage of Residential Electrical Installation Engineering
The construction procedures for disconnecting the piping and wiring, insisting that the installation of piping and wiring, and lighting fixtures shall be carried out from the beginning to the end by a group of personnel who do not have the electrical special job licenses, and the construction of the electrical installation shall not be allowed to participate in the construction of the electrical installation. Personnel, strictly require the contractor to replace the quality control of the wire, pipe, and light fixtures required for the project. For the main materials used in electrical installations, such as pipes, wires, and light fixtures, they must have a formal factory certificate and material test when entering the site. If the flame retardancy of the pipe is not good, the insulation of the outer layer of the wire is aged, sticky or has doubts about the inspection certificate, the contractor shall be required to make up for the inspection of the insulating material of the high voltage cable, and the withstand voltage test must be performed while paying attention to each type of wire. The use of certification to prevent misuse or the use of substandard material substitute wire must be calculated and fully demonstrated, design approval, and indeed meet the design of power supply capacity can be allowed to substitute. It is also necessary to strictly supervise the materials for the third batch of the second batch of incoming materials in the wiring process. If the funds permit, it is better to require the contractor to control the construction scheme and methods by using the wire and light fixtures that have been wired for one time. The electrical installation project is simple in construction. The general civil construction project includes several parts such as piping, wiring, installation of light fixtures, outdoor grounding nets, and outdoor lines, but it truly guarantees safe power supply during the two-year warranty period and ensures that households will have many years of experience. Safe use of electricity is also not easy. As electrical supervision, monitoring and preparation work should be done first, organizational design and drawing review should be organized, and the organizational design unit should introduce the design intent, structural features, construction and process requirements, technical measures and related precautions and key issues; Then the contractor proposes the problems existing in the drawings and the technical problems to be solved through the tripartite research and discussion, draws up a solution, writes the meeting minutes to refer to the implementation, and then reviews the contractor’s construction organization design or construction plan, and proposes to the contractor. Whether the construction process and method are reasonable, whether it is feasible, whether there is a place that is not convenient for construction, whether the quality can be ensured repeatedly, before the construction can be performed according to the construction drawing. 2.2 The main work of controlling the quality during the construction process should be Process quality control as the core, set quality control Point, carry out pre-control, strict quality inspection and strengthen finished product protection 2.2.1 process analysis, distinguish the major and minor, focus on the so-called process analysis, that is, in a large number of factors that affect the quality of the process, to find out that is important for a specific process, Critical, dominant quality characteristic performance indicators or factors that have a significant impact, so that control measures and standards can be developed for these major factors during process construction, active preventive control of key controls, and strict control procedures analysis The following steps can be carried out: selecting the analysis object, analyzing the possible influencing factors, and finding out the dominant factors; formulating a countermeasure plan for the controlling factor, and verifying; and arranging the verification of the controlling elements into the process quality table to include the standard. Or norms; implement responsibilities for the dominant elements and implement key management in accordance with the standards. Analysis of the main installation procedures, piping, wiring, and light fixture installations, of which the dominant element should be piping. If the piping and switch sockets are in place and the path is correct, the wiring work can be completed smoothly. Therefore, we should monitor the process of the embedded pipe, and if necessary, carry out the side station for the initial installation of the bottom layer, strictly supervise and strictly control until Meet the construction specifications, meet the design requirements, and then enter the next process 2.2.2 Set the quality control point of the process activities The so-called quality control point refers to the key control objects, key parts, or weak links determined to ensure the quality of the process. The establishment of quality control points is a necessary prerequisite to ensure that process quality requirements are met. When supervising engineers draft a quality control work plan, they should be considered in detail and ensured by the system. For quality control points, it is generally necessary to analyze in advance the causes of possible quality problems, and then formulate corresponding countermeasures and measures for the reasons. Pre-control The general principles for selecting quality control points are: key processes or links in the construction process and concealed works; The weak point or the quality of the follow-up process or the process, site, or object that has a major influence on safety; the use of new technologies, new processes, new materials, parts, or links; insufficient construction, difficult construction conditions, or technical difficulties The process or link. The installation location of the quality control points for electrical installations is shown in Table 1. Table 1 Location of quality control points Location of project Quality control points Grounding electrodes Embedded grounding pole Position in floor beam Plumbing Toilet plumbing location, shaded balcony height, kitchen switch The location of the piping, the horizontal position of the socket reserved in the living room, the wiring location of the wiring box of the ceiling wooden brick, the total cable diameter of the household, the diameter of the ground cable, the angle of the outdoor grounding net, the model of the round steel, the depth of embedded, and the round steel Weld length 2.2.3 set the witness point and stop point family criteria) A method of distinguishing quality control subjects for different degrees of importance and monitoring requirements. The witness point is also called the W point. Any quality control object listed as a witness point is Prior to the arrival of the specified key processes (control points), the construction unit shall notify the supervisor in advance to the site to witness and supervise them within the agreed time. If the supervision personnel fails to witness and supervise the site at the specified time, the construction unit has the right to carry out the corresponding process operations and construction of the W point. Here, we use the hidden grounding as a witness point to control. The stopping point is also called the H point. The control object listed as the stopping point requires that the supervision personnel be notified of the control point before the specified control point arrives. The construction unit should stop entering the corresponding process at the H point and press The contract stipulated that waiting for the arrival of the supervisory authority, the construction could not be continued beyond this point without permission. Here we put the total incoming line buried pipe and wiring as the stop point for control 2.2.4 The key part of the quality inspection work during the construction process Station supervision and on-site inspections. During the construction process, the supervision personnel must strengthen the on-site inspection, side station supervision and inspection, timely detection of illegal operation and not according to design requirements, do not follow the construction drawings or construction specifications, procedures or quality standards, the phenomenon of non-conformity with the quality requirements It's time to correct it. Hidden project inspection and acceptance Hidden project inspection refers to some sub-item projects that will be concealed or covered by other subsequent process constructions. They must be inspected and checked by the supervision personnel before they are covered or covered to confirm that their quality is qualified. It is allowed to cover such as electrical pre-embedding, and each pre-embedded pipe must be inspected and signed by the supervisor before concealing, in particular, the pre-embedded of the main line pipe, which relates to the safe power supply of the entire building, and should be checked more seriously. In accordance with the requirements of the construction specification, it can be concealed. Obviously, adhering to the inspection and acceptance of concealed projects is an important measure to prevent quality risks and quality accidents. Inspection and acceptance of in-process handover The so-called handover inspection refers to the fact that after the completion of the previous process, after the supervisors have inspected, approved, and qualified the quality and appraisal, Can be handed over to the next process to continue construction. For example, after the quality inspection and acceptance of the piping process, the wiring work can be carried out; after the wire inspection is qualified, the installation of the light fixture is allowed, and the inspection and inspection shall be conducted step by step, one ring is buckled, and the ring is not relaxed. The entire construction The quality of the process can be guaranteed. The quality of the finished product is protected. The so-called finished product protection generally means that during the construction process, some of the sub-projects have been completed, and other sub-projects are still under construction. If the wiring process is completed, the line box is completed. Sockets and sockets have been placed on the wall. Installation of light fixtures and other civil engineering works are under construction. In this case, the construction unit must be responsible for taking appropriate measures to protect the completed parts and prevent the loss and interference of other process construction. Personnel shall regularly check the quality and effectiveness of the finished product protection work undertaken by the construction unit. 2.3 Post-disaster control The quality control of the products formed during the completion of the construction process shall be centered on the project acceptance and project quality assessment, mainly including the following three. Aspect: 2.3.1 The acceptance of some sub-projects is carried out for sub-projects completed during the construction process Interim acceptance (also called mid-term acceptance or engineer acceptance) When the installation of the plumbing and wiring fixtures is completed, the construction unit shall conduct self-inspection first, and after confirmation, pass a copy to the supervision engineer. The “middle transfer certificate†requests the supervision engineer to inspect and confirm that the supervision engineer shall follow the requirements of the contract and documents, and follow the construction drawings and relevant documents, specifications, standards, etc., from the installation location of the lighting fixtures, the placement of the switch sockets, and the use of functional perception effects. The inspection and other aspects of inspection, such as the confirmation of its quality to meet the requirements, the issuance of "intermediate acceptance certificate" to be accepted; if there is a quality defect, the construction unit will be instructed to deal with, to be accepted after the quality meets the requirements 2.3.2 organize test transmission The use of test supervision engineers for the use of lamps and lanterns shall organize test transmission before the completion of the works, carry out load tests on the divisional works, and check the main distribution boxes, layer distribution boxes, household distribution boxes, air switches, leakage protection devices, etc. Control the function of the component and carry out pressure endurance test on the light fixture until it fully meets the design requirements Can apply for completion acceptance 2.3.3 Electrical installation project completion acceptance supervision engineer should assist the construction unit organization completion acceptance, its main work includes the following aspects: Review of the construction contractor submitted the required documents for completion acceptance, including the grounding pole, total Incoming piping, wiring, hidden project records, grounding test report and various related technical documents, etc. If the submitted acceptance documents and information are incomplete or have conflicting and inconsistent features, the construction company shall be instructed to supplement and verify the construction of the audit. The as-built drawings submitted by the company are compared with the technical documents (such as design drawings, design changes, construction records, and other documents) related to the completed project (3) The initial inspection at the site of the project to be accepted and accepted, if any quality problems are found After the construction unit has processed the preliminary acceptance of the proposed inspection and acceptance project, it can report to the owner organization, supervision unit, construction unit, design unit, etc. that the owner organization participates in the entire process of forming the formal acceptance quality control penetration quality, and eliminate these links. Technical activities deviate from the normative phenomenon and eliminate each Quality defects, to meet the design requirements, we must take powerful tool in before, during, and after the three stages of strict control over all the factors that affect the quality of the project, to improve the quality of electrical installation work to a new level. The important corrections were changed to "(Monthly)" should be changed to "Qian Zhijian" supervising station should be changed to "Urumqi Quality and Safety Supervision Station"
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