White dew, fruit trees, don't miss the autumn fertilization
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From the perspective of farming management, Bailu is not only the season for crop maturity and harvest, but also the season for winter crops to be planted. Here, the farmer's farms in various places can be exemplified, such as Jin, Yi, Lu, Yu, Shan, Gan, Ning's farms, “Bailu cuts high sorghum, cold dew finishesâ€; Henan, Shaanxi, Jin, Lu and E regions on winter wheat planting The farmer said, "White dew is a mountain, cold dew is flat"; Shanghai's farmland "before the early rice Bailu, after the late rice white dew". For the production of fruit trees in the north, the season of white dew is the ripening-fruit picking period of many deciduous fruit trees, such as early and middle-ripening apples, pears, late-ripening grapes and winter jujubes. These fruit trees need to be harvested in the white dew season. Both theory and experience have shown that fruit fertilization in autumn is better than spring fertilization, and early fertilization in autumn and winter is better than late fertilization.
Taking apple trees as an example, timely application of fruit picking after fruit picking is conducive to continuous increase of orchard in the next year. Since the roots of fruit trees are organs for nutrient absorption and storage, the nutrients required for growth and development in the spring of the second year are mostly derived from root storage. It can be said that the level of root storage nutrients determines the quality of flower bud differentiation in the coming year, and also determines the cold resistance of fruit trees. Sexual traits. The roots of fruit trees that are generally underground do not have natural dormancy. As long as the conditions are appropriate, the root system can occur and grow throughout the year, and in the autumn beginning of September, different fruit trees will have peak periods of root growth. If this year's fruit is high-yield, the above-ground load is too large, but the fertilizer is not timely applied in the fall, the root nutrients can't keep up, and even the autumn roots are not grown, which will seriously affect the wintering and spring roots. Because the nutrients needed for root growth in early spring are mainly storage nutrients, if the fruit harvest is missed in the autumn of the first year, resulting in insufficient storage nutrition, it is necessary to reduce spring roots and germination.
Taking nitrogen fertilizer as an example, different nitrogen application periods have different effects on the growth and development of fruit trees. For apples, the application of nitrogen fertilizer in autumn, even if the amount of nitrogen applied is less than the amount of spring application, the effect of flowering fruit setting in the second year is very obvious. Because the defoliation is the nitrogen nutrient storage period, the nitrogen content in this period plays an important role in the differentiation and high yield of high quality flower buds. Of course, in addition to nitrogen fertilizer in autumn fertilization, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are equally important. Adequate supply of phosphorus can make fruit trees complete the growth stage of branches, promote flower bud differentiation, increase fruit set rate, and phosphorus can regulate nitrogen nutrition. In addition, fruit trees need large potassium, and increasing potassium fertilizer can promote fruit enlargement and increase fruit single fruit. weight.
In short, the benefits of autumn-based base fertilizer are as follows: First, the growth and absorption functions of the main roots of fruit trees are relatively active. After being absorbed by the roots, the nitrogen fertilizer of autumn application becomes the storage nutrient of the tree, which becomes the nutrient source of flowering and leaf expansion in the next year. Secondly, the temperature difference between day and night is large, the proportion of scattered light increases, and the photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves is improved after fertilization; Third, if organic fertilizer is applied at this time, there is sufficient time for the roots to absorb, operate, and store in the tree. Autumn fertilization is an important part of the orchard fertilization system and the basis for fertilization throughout the year.
Here is another example. For winter jujube, the application of white dew is also important. Winter jujube is a shallow-rooted fruit tree. It grows slowly after the beginning of September, and the base fertilizer application period is earlier than the apple tree. It has the characteristics of late sprouting and early defoliation, and attention should be paid to improving the storage nutrient level according to this feature in production. Winter jujube has a root growth peak during the hard core stage of the fruit. In order to increase the storage nitrogen level of the tree and promote the growth and development of the leap year, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer should be applied during the hard core period of the fruit. This will be beneficial to the accumulation of nitrogen during the dormant period and the growth and development of the flowering stage during the leap year. For example, it is recommended to apply 20 yuan to 30 kilograms per mu of ternary compound fertilizer in autumn.