The national rapeseed autumn and winter species will be launched soon. In order to ensure the smooth development of rapeseed production this year, according to the actual situation and possible problems in production, the Ministry of Agriculture oil expert guidance team and the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center will propose the following winter rapeseed production technical guidance.

First, vigorously promote the high yield and high efficiency technology of rapeseed

(1) Promote suitable harvesting varieties according to local conditions. In recent years, the sclerotinia disease and lodging in the rapeseed producing areas of the Yangtze River Basin have become heavier. It is necessary to vigorously promote new varieties of high-quality, high-yield, high-resistance (resistance to disease, anti-falling and anti-cracking angle), laying a foundation for high-yield and mechanized rapeseed operations. The use of rice field machinery live broadcast, rice field ditch no-till live broadcast, dry land cover live broadcast and other technical models, should choose antibacterial nuclear disease, stain resistance, dense planting, lodging resistant mid-maturing varieties. The use of dryland planting, paddy field transplanting and other technical models, should choose antibacterial nuclear disease, anti-backup, strong ability to develop late-maturing rapeseed varieties. For the direct seeding rapeseed in the rice-rice oil production area, it is advisable to use very early-maturing varieties with antibacterial nuclear disease and strong lodging resistance. In the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Chengdu Plain, Western Hubei, and Huangshan areas, the incidence of root disease is noted.

(2) Actively promote the whole process of mechanized production. In the sowing process, the use of a combined planter is advocated to achieve ditching, smashing, loosening, fertilization, sowing, and closed weeding in one time, and improving planting efficiency. In the field management section, the drone planting of the rapeseed plots is sprayed with a drone to improve the efficiency of prevention and control. In the harvesting process, combined harvesting techniques are used as much as possible to reduce harvesting costs.

(3) Promote the technology of controlled release fertilizer and seed fertilization. Demonstrate the promotion of “Yi Shi Zhuang” and other special slow-release formula fertilizers for rapeseed, reduce the fattening link, improve fertilizer utilization and reduce production costs. “Yi Shi Zhuang” special slow-release formula fertilizer for rapeseed, 40-50 kg per mu, no need for top dressing, can basically meet the high production requirements. Fertilization is carried out by traditional methods. Generally, nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 10-12 kg per acre, phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) is 3-4 kg, potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 3-5 kg, and borax is 0.75 kg. Among them, 60% of total nitrogen and potassium fertilizers and all phosphate fertilizers and boron fertilizers are used as base fertilizers, 20%-30% of nitrogen fertilizers are used for winter premature seedlings, 10%-20% of nitrogen fertilizers and 40% of potassium fertilizers are used for fertilizers. In order to improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, it is recommended to use the same fertilizer and sowing technology, the depth of fertilization is 8-10 cm, and the loss of fertilizer is reduced.

Second, efforts to improve winter rapeseed planting and field management

(1) Robbery seedlings to preserve seedlings. Grab and graze in the suitable sowing period from late September to mid-October. Vigorously promote local live broadcast technology, appropriately increase seeding density, promote seed coating technology, and ensure seedlings are strong. The dry or medium-rice live rapeseed is sown from late September to early October. The seeding rate is 200-300 grams per mu and the density is 30,000. A season of late rice direct seeding rapeseed should be sown after rice harvest, and the seeding rate per acre is 300-400 grams. Transplanting and planting rapeseed, seedling bed 500-600 grams per mu, sowing and cultivating large and strong seedlings, "one hole and two plants" when transplanting, to ensure that the density of the field is 6000-8000. Rice-rice oil three-crop early-ripening rapeseed is sown in time after harvesting in late rice. The seeding rate per acre is 300-400 grams, and the density of mu is more than 40,000.

(2) Active resilience strain. Before entering the autumn or before winter, improve the supporting ditch of rapeseed, clean the ditch and drainage ditch in time, ensure the smooth flow of the ditch, and improve the ability to resist waterlogging and drought. Before entering the winter, for the overgrown rapeseed, 30-40 grams of 15% paclobutrazol and 40-50 kilograms of spray can be used to promote the growth of the seedlings.

(3) Strengthening the prevention and control of pests and diseases. First, comprehensive prevention and treatment of clubroot disease. The use of acre of lime powder 75-100 kg to adjust soil pH, grass ash mixed soil cover, application of lime nitrogen and other comprehensive measures for prevention and control. Strengthen seed quarantine and agricultural machinery cross-regional operation monitoring, strictly prevent the transfer of seeds from infected areas to non-epidemic areas, and do a good job of disinfection of agricultural machinery across areas. The second is to strengthen the monitoring of pests and diseases in autumn and winter. Vigorously promote seed coating technology to prevent seedling pests and diseases. Uncoated rapeseed, control aphids with anti-carbohydrate, etc., and control the cabbage caterpillar with pyrethroid pesticides. The third is to prevent weeds in time. The live rapeseed was treated with 50% acetochlor EC in a timely manner, and 50-75 g per acre was sprayed with 40-50 kg of water to seal the weeding. Seedling weeds are treated with selective herbicide sprays such as Herbicide and Quinoxaline.

Third, expand the multiple functions of rapeseed according to local conditions

Rapeseed has many uses such as oil, vegetable, flower, honey, fertilizer and forage. It should actively comply with the requirements of structural reform of the agricultural supply side, strengthen the multi-purpose development and utilization of rapeseed, and realize the "multiple use of one dish" and improve Rape planting benefits.

(1) Dual use of vegetable oil. In the areas around the city, where vegetable logistics is developed and where there are vegetable fresh-keeping processing facilities, demonstration and promotion of vegetable and oil technology will be demonstrated. The use of high-quality, high-yield and early-maturing rapeseed varieties, early sowing early planting, rational close planting, increase the application of base fertilizer and seedling fertilizer, and promote the early development of rapeseed. In the period of 30-40 cm high in rapeseed, the vegetable stalks of about 15 cm at the top of the main stem are taken as vegetables, and about 200 kg per acre can be harvested. After picking, the rapeseed grows, and 3-5 kg ​​of urea and 2 kg of potash are applied per acre to promote branch growth.

(2) Feed canola. Feed canola can harvest 3-5 tons of fresh forage per acre, and the forage yield and protein content are high, which can meet the demand for winter forage in cattle and sheep breeding. In areas where the aquaculture industry is developed and the forage supply is tight, “double low” feed canola can be planted to support silage processing technology to promote the combination of agriculture and animal husbandry. According to the feeding method and processing requirements, harvesting can be carried out in the early stage of the bud stage to the formation of the pods.

(3) Green manure and rape. Green and oilseed rape can be planted in the winter and spring fallow areas of double-season rice, ratoon rice and mid-season rice. After the rice is harvested or early spring, after applying 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer per acre, 0.5-1 kg of green and fertile seeds are planted in the mu. A week or so before the next season of rice transplanting, the rapeseed was tilled and returned to the field in time to increase the soil organic matter and release the insoluble phosphorus in the soil to facilitate rice yield increase.

In addition, in the area rich in tourism resources and in the suburbs of the city, we use different rapeseed colors and other crops to mix and plant, design chic landscape patterns, integrate local agricultural tourism activities, attract tourists to visit, promote regional economic development, and improve the economic benefits and society of rapeseed production. benefit.

National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of the Oil Industry Experts Guidance Group of the Ministry of Agriculture (September 2017)