Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have recently developed a battery that can be charged or discharged in a matter of seconds. It can also work on existing cell phones and laptops.

According to the Environmental News Service (ENS) report, the research team led by Paul Braun, a professor of materials science and engineering at the university, designed the battery anode as a 3D nanostructure to ensure ultra-fast charging and discharging. Can also take into account the battery's energy storage capacity.

"Our system can provide battery-like power and capacitance-like effects," Braun said.

"Most capacitors can only store very little energy. They can be discharged quickly, but the energy storage capacity is very small." Braun explained, "Most batteries store considerable energy but cannot provide or receive quickly. Energy. This (battery) has done both."

A typical lithium-ion rechargeable battery or nickel-metal hydride rechargeable battery will have a reduced performance when charged and discharged rapidly.

Braun's team found that using a thin film as an active material in a battery allows the battery to be quickly charged and discharged, but at the same time, the battery's energy storage capacity is reduced to almost zero, because the active material cannot store energy. However, if the film is made into a three-dimensional structure, it can not only increase the energy storage capacity but also provide a strong current.

This performance helps develop phones that charge in seconds, laptops that charge in minutes, and high-power lasers and defibrillators. Batteries that can store large amounts of energy, discharge at the same time, and charge are also a dream for military applications.

Braun believes that this new battery was born for the development of electric vehicles, because the current development of electric vehicles is limited by the short battery life and long charging time.

The key to the technology of the new 3D battery structure is to combine self-assembled nanoballs with thin films.

The researchers first covered the nano-balls on the surface of a substrate and made the balls closely packed together to form a lattice frame. It is not only time-consuming but also unrealistic to use other methods to establish such a unified lattice framework, but these inexpensive balls can be automatically arranged in place.

The researchers then filled the space around the ball with metal. When the pellet is melted or dissolved, a porous 3D metal stent is left behind. The surface of the holder is etched away by electropolishing to obtain a frameless frame structure. The active material film finally covers the frame.

Braun explained that the result is that this bicontinuous electrode structure has tiny channels that can be connected to each other, so lithium ions can move quickly; the active material film excels in diffusion kinetics; and the metal frame has good electrical conductivity. .

The team also demonstrated lithium-ion batteries and nickel-gold batteries that they developed. Because 3D nanostructures are versatile, any battery material that can be overlaid on a metal frame can be used to make a battery. In addition, all industrial processes have been used on a large scale in the industry, so Braun believes that the technology can be put into large-scale production.

"We are very happy that it is universally applicable, so if someone proposes better battery materials, this idea can be applied." Braun said, "This is not about a specific battery, but a new kind of thinking Mode: Design the three-dimensional structure of the battery to improve its performance."

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