Three major factors restrict the rapid development of China's tool industry
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Professor Yuan Zhejun, who is still in the 80th year of the year, is still rushing through various lectures, seminars and exhibitions. He also has several doctoral students at Harbin Institute of Technology, and he is still working on books, writing textbooks, and Leadership positions organized by several associations; talking about the development of the industry, he thinks like a spring, there seems to be an endless topic, all of which makes it hard to believe that he is already an old man with silver hair.
“China has abundant labor resources and low cost, which ultimately affects the development and improvement of the cutting tool industry.†Professor Yuan’s point of view sounds surprising. After all, low labor costs have always been considered the advantage of domestic enterprises.
In the 1970s and 1980s, the machinery manufacturing industry in developed countries experienced a relatively large leap and innovation. As a support of this leap, the company's manufacturing equipment quickly changed from a general-purpose machine tool to an efficient CNC machine tool and machining center. Professor Yuan believes that the increase in processing requirements is on the one hand, and on the other hand, the higher labor costs than equipment also force companies to take such a path. This change has also contributed to the advancement of the tool industry – the original standard tools for mass production, the market is getting smaller and smaller, and individualized and efficient modern tools have become mainstream.
“For China, the real change in the face of machinery manufacturing should be in the mid-1990s.†Professor Yuan pointed out that although this change has brought about certain developments in the machine tool industry, it has not appeared in foreign countries. Significant rapid chain reaction. “One of the important reasons is that low labor costs make many companies inert and more willing to rely on increasing low-cost labor instead of using high-efficiency and advanced equipment to meet processing requirements.†Indeed, this has resulted in general-purpose machine tools and old production methods. There is still a large market in China, which means that the market for standard tools is still huge, and the motivation for technological innovation of tool companies is relatively small.
However, after all, the labor force is still subject to backward equipment and old production methods. Some enterprises have gradually increased their investment in advanced equipment, and have also raised the demand for advanced and efficient tools. At this time, most of the domestic machine tool enterprises still In the mass production of general-purpose equipment and tools, foreign modern machine tool companies that have matured over the past few decades have just filled this market gap. “Therefore, the progress of the domestic machinery manufacturing industry has not quickly brought about the rapid innovation of domestic tool companies.†Professor Yuan stressed, but he also pointed out that “although the innovation is slow, we see that from machinery manufacturing enterprises to machine tool enterprises. To the tool companies, they have felt the pressure to innovate and they have begun to change."
Material production and cutting of tool production
According to the division of labor in the planned economy era, the production of tool materials was undertaken by the steel and cemented carbide plants and belonged to the Ministry of Metallurgy, while the tool production was specifically undertaken by the tool companies and belonged to the Ministry of Machinery. "This division directly affects the disconnect between tool material production and tool production today." Professor Yuan specifically said that in the past, a steel mill in Northeast China, which produces more high-speed steel, provided high-speed steel for the tool industry despite the tool industry itself. The number of words is not small, but for the steel mill itself, this part only accounts for a small part of its total output value, and its impact on the overall profit is not large, so it has not been very important.
However, the requirements of the tool itself are very high, so the tool industry is constantly introducing new and more stringent requirements to steel companies.
On the one hand, it is constantly required, on the one hand, it is ignored. The separation between the two sides makes communication difficult, and the high quality of high-speed steel is an important reason why the quality of the tool is difficult to effectively improve.
“In terms of cemented carbide, the two larger companies are Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group and Zigong Cemented Carbide Co., Ltd., but they did not produce tools before.†Professor Yuan believes that the same reason makes the quality of cemented carbide products There is a big disconnect between the requirements of the tool companies.
Fortunately, we have seen that Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group and Zigong Cemented Carbide Co., Ltd. have also established their own tool production bases. Professor Yuan believes that “in this way, the improvement of the level of tool materials will become the company’s own requirements. As they improve the quality of their materials and develop new varieties, they also bring raw materials to the entire tool industry."
Therefore, the relationship between raw material production and tool production must be opened. “From a foreign perspective, whether it is Sandvik Coromant in Sweden or Kenner in the United States, these large tool enterprise groups have their own tool material production strength.†The development of tool materials has become a powerful and timely tool development. support.
The future tool industry will be the situation where a small number of large tool companies and more professional factories coexist. Professor Yuan therefore also advocates the need to build China's own large tool enterprise group. "Zhuzhou is also good, the combination of Zigong and Jinlu is also good. If we can truly develop the core aircraft carrier of the Zhongwei tool industry, it will play a great role in driving the improvement of the entire tool industry."
Lack of service
The development of the machine tool industry is inseparable from the progress of the entire machinery manufacturing industry. "Despite the problems mentioned above, with the development of advanced manufacturing technology, as the original equipment of the enterprise ages, the relative advantage of labor cost to equipment investment is gradually weakened, and domestic advanced equipment and high efficiency The requirements of advanced tools are constantly improving.†Professor Yuan stressed that even if the external conditions are solved, the transformation of the tool companies themselves needs to be inferior. “Because it is necessary to shift from the mass production of standard tools to the provision of personalized modern tools, involving enterprises. Many fundamental ideas have changed, especially the service concept."
Indeed, modern machine tools and modern tools require the provision of individualized solutions. Specialized service forces are needed to understand the needs of users and provide them with comprehensive after-sales services. The members need to be familiar with the performance of their own tool products. More familiar with the processing requirements of the user's enterprise. Some advanced tool companies in foreign countries can not only provide individualized solutions according to the requirements of users, but also can provide more advanced tools before the user enterprise, actively promote to users, and test the knives at the production site of users. Once there is a problem, we can provide mature after-sales service in time.
"Because of the influence of the domestic environment, domestic tool companies have some aspects that are not suitable for the current market development, including the lack of such service power." Indeed, because standard tools have long dominated the country, There is a simple relationship between the tool company and the user company, and some even just through the agent, there is no need for “service†– even if the improvement of the tool technology is required, it is mostly borne by the user company. Therefore, most domestic tool companies basically have no service power.
"Now it seems that this aspect is a relatively difficult point. The construction of service power is not a day or two. It requires a process." Professor Yuan also pointed out that our talent level is not low, as long as the tool companies realize the service power. The importance of construction, with the transformation of ideas and the real effort to do it, this difficulty can be overcome.