"Rational return" Machine tool enterprises must "internal and external repair
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Yang Xuetong: The confused market needs to be treated with caution
In 2005, the machine tool industry showed signs of gloom in the process of rapid development. My own personality is somewhat pessimistic. It is even more pessimistic to see these. But conservatively, 2006 should be much better than in 1992. But companies must pay attention to the foothold and meet the challenge.
In 2006, the form of the machine tool industry will continue to decline from high-speed growth to a steady decline, and the rate of decline may accelerate. The overall demand situation will not continue, demand will be divided: the demand for large, precision, heavy-duty machine tools will increase; some of the ordinary machine tools will have a backlog, accompanied by the phenomenon of retention. In addition, the comprehensive development of the industry will shift to key developments, focusing on the development of CNC, precision, high-speed machine tools, and the trend of mergers, reorganizations and differentiation will become more apparent.
In terms of two points, the aspects that benefited the market in 2006 were:
1. Some related industries still have key developments, and there is still a large pull on machine tools. Such as molds, general machinery, agricultural machinery, auto parts and other industries. In addition, the electrical industry, there are currently a lot of projects under construction, although some people say that the industry will fall back in 2007, but still a year of pulling on the machine tool.
2. The “Eleventh Five-Year†part of the planning large project began to inject vitality into the development of machine tools. The recent major engineering projects have prompted the recovery of construction machinery.
3. The demand for complete sets of project equipment has further increased. Companies should pay attention to this market and pay attention to this aspect.
4. The state's support for the machine tool industry has been further strengthened. The forthcoming "Several Opinions of the State Council on Accelerating the Revitalization of Equipment Manufacturing Industry" will provide support for key equipment in 16 fields, and specially formulated large-scale precision and high-speed CNC equipment and CNC system and functional component development measures. And the import preferential policy has been adjusted, in which the import of the whole machine is no longer two exemptions, and the parts and components are taken in the form of first levy and return.
5. The CNC machine tool project is included in the national major science and technology projects, and the state will invest heavily to support it. And the first set of the first set of concerns in employment has formulated incentive measures, selected into the technical progress demonstration project considering the actual situation, and given priority arrangements.
6. The further recovery of international trade is conducive to industry exports. And the VAT return policy will remain, but the way is slightly changed. In the past, companies were identified, and now they are scaled back to scale, with a ratio of 50% to 75%.
Of course, there are also many disadvantages. For example, the competition of machine tools has been relatively narrow for many years, and many fields have not been able to enter. The core functional components are difficult to achieve self-matching; the state will gradually decline in the subsidies for technological transformation of national debts, especially for the whole project. Suspension, but support for features will increase; most users' growth rate will fall further; new problems arise in contract fulfillment.
In all of the above, it is recommended that companies should understand the possibility of users executing contracts when selling products, and pay attention to the implementation of contracts. In particular, in the current situation where corporate returns are generally not optimistic, care should be taken not to create new defaults.
Zheng Guowei: Focus on new policies affecting the development of machine tools
Focus on new methods for importing auto parts The auto industry is a large user of the machine tool industry. The annual demand accounts for 40%~50% of the order quantity of the machine tool industry. Therefore, the development of the auto industry has a great impact on the development of the machine tool industry. As automobile import tariffs continue to be lowered, new regulations for the assembly of imported parts and components, and the auto parts industry are facing new opportunities for development, which requires the machine tool industry to further provide high-efficiency, precise and technologically advanced machine tools.
According to the WTO commitment, from January 1, 2006, the import tariff on small cars has dropped from 30% in 2005 to 28%; from July 1, 2006 to 25% again; tariffs on auto parts, average in 2005 It is 12.27%, and it will drop to 10% from July 1, 2006.
The "Administrative Measures for the Import of Auto Parts constituting the characteristics of the whole vehicle" stipulates that from April 1, 2005, the imported parts that constitute the characteristics of the whole vehicle shall be subject to customs duties and import value-added tax according to the whole vehicle.
The implementation of the new measures will certainly promote the local production of parts and components and reduce the cost of automobile manufacturing. This will increase the demand for CNC machine tools.
Export tax rebate policy to adjust the export cost reduction Recently, the state has two adjustments to the export tax rebate policy: First, adjust the central and local export tax rebate sharing ratio and tax refund method. On the original approved tax refund base, the central and local parts of the super base are jointly burdened according to the ratio of 92.5:7.5 (the original prescribed ratio is 75:25), and the export tax rebate withdrawal method is improved. The export tax rebate was retired from the central government, and the central government’s export tax rebate base was refunded accordingly, and the local burden was partially decomposed at the end of the year. And regulate the local export tax rebate sharing method. All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) shall, according to actual conditions, formulate their own methods for export tax rebates at the provincial level, but they shall not decompose the export tax rebate burden into townships and enterprises; they shall not take measures to restrict the normal development of foreign trade such as export of exported products.
The second is to increase the export tax rebate rate for some products. The export tax rebate rate for some CNC and non-CNC gear processing machines, as well as grooving, broaching machines, planers and sawing machines, has increased from 13% to 17%.
The mechanical products and parts imported from Hong Kong and Macao will be implemented in batches with zero tariff first batch and second batch zero tariff with batches from January 1, 2004 and January 1, 2005. On October 18 and October 21, 2005, the Ministry of Commerce signed a second supplementary agreement with the Hong Kong and Macao governments respectively. From January 1, 2006, goods exported to Hong Kong and Macao (including mechanical products) And parts and components) all implement zero tariffs.
It should be noted that products imported from the Mainland must be processed in Hong Kong or Macao and added 30% or more in the local area (ie the total value of raw materials, component parts, labor value and product development expenditures obtained in Hong Kong or Macau). The ratio of the offshore price of the manufactured goods to the export is equal to or greater than 30%), and the final manufacturing or processing operations should be completed in Hong Kong or Macau. Therefore, under the conditions of the same quality and reasonable price, the matching parts that Hong Kong and Macao can provide are preferentially imported from these areas (import duty-free from Hong Kong, short transportation distance and cost saving).
Corporate response
Cultural governance concept wins
Li Weiqian, Chairman of Gansu Tianshui Xinghuo Machine Tool Co., Ltd.: “Up and down the same desires to winâ€, a good corporate culture, easy to create shared values. However, the concept innovation is the highest level of innovation. The Spark machine can get out of the predicament largely depends on the cultural concept of the company.
In the Spark, the goal is to be king. "Successfully find a way, fail to find a reason, no way is nothing." This sentence has a high frequency of use in the factory. I advocate a 100% effort to achieve a 1% chance.
At the end of 2001, I proposed that the production and sales of enterprises exceeded three hundred million yuan. 99% of the people thought that I was bragging because the annual output value of the enterprise was only 40 million yuan, and the best period in history reached 50.12 million yuan. As a result, we completed 130 million yuan in 2002. Then I put forward that 100 million yuan is too small, and 150 million yuan is not much. At this time, employees of the company feel that there is a drama. In 2005, our output value was 360 million yuan.
From 1997 to 1998, the overall situation of the machine tool industry was sluggish. When I researched the industry report, I found that seven heavy-duty factories in the industry report were declining, but one exception continued to grow. Analysis of the reasons for its products is almost an exclusive monopoly, so we also want to do this market.
In 1998, we started to repair 8 of these machines from 6 different manufacturers. In this way, we have a better understanding of the roll grinder. In 1999, our own products went offline, and now the company's large-scale grinding machine business has reached 70 million yuan.
From our own experience, the products are single and do the exclusive risk. For example, company A simply does a certain product, while company B only accounts for 20% of the company. If there is a price war, the profit ratio of A and B companies is 10:2.
Play big. Because of the different scales, the break-even point of the company is different, so we don't fight with small companies with fixed assets, but we are staring at larger companies. Therefore, even if the big companies feel that the price is low, I feel that the fat is flowing.
Everyone is not optimistic about the market in 2006, but the company must be confident, and there must be hope for it. Someone once told me that the position of your spark is good, Zuo Qinglong, right white tiger. Whether it is awkward or superstitious, I would rather believe this kind of psychological suggestion: the feng shui of the Spark is good, and the company will get better and better.
Targeting the imported grinding machine market
Yu Ying, general manager of Shanghai Machine Tool Works Co., Ltd.: The company completed an output value of 620 million yuan in 2005. In recent years, it has grown at an average annual rate of 44%, and the company has developed rapidly. Under the situation that the growth of market demand is slowing down, enterprise positioning is a key issue.
Looking at the current domestic grinding machine market, on the one hand, the domestic medium and low-grade grinding machines have limited market capacity, the competition is too fierce, and the profitability is weak. On the other hand, the amount of imported grinding machines accounts for more than 2/3 of the domestic market consumption, and the import growth rate has remained high. The import volume of China's grinding machines has accounted for 1/4 of the world's grinding machine exports, so the future growth of enterprises should aim at imported machine tools. Improve the manufacturing capacity of large, precision, special, CNC grinding machines.
Since the imported varieties are concentrated on high-grade and special grinding machines, in order to divide the imported grinding machine market, we have put forward the concept of extreme manufacturing, which refers to the manufacture of extreme scale and extremely high-function devices and functional systems under extreme conditions, concentrated in the fine Manufacturing, ultra-precision manufacturing, giant system manufacturing and so on.
In order to comply with the development direction of advanced manufacturing, the machine will use extreme manufacturing as a breakthrough to improve the manufacturing capacity of extremely large specifications, very small specifications and ultra-precision grinding machines. For example: cylindrical grinding machines with a rotary diameter of more than 2 meters, roll grinders, crankshaft grinders; conventional grinders with sub-micron feed accuracy and nano-precision CNC grinding machines.
To this end, the company guarantees the investment of scientific research according to 4.5% of sales revenue every year, and clarifies the three main directions of design, production and sales as the main body of scientific research, and jointly researches scientific research institutions to expand scientific research strength in the form of production, study and research.
Specifically, Professor Steven Liang, a senior machine tool scholar at the Georgia Institute of Technology, was hired as the chief engineer of the Shanghai Machine Tool Plant and established the US Center for the Technology Center of the Shanghai Machine Tool Plant at the Georgia Tech Mechanical Engineering Research Center.
At the same time, it established an industry-university-research alliance with Shanghai University, Shanghai University of Technology, and Shanghai Jiaotong University, and established the Shanghai Key Laboratory - Shanghai Grinding Machine Research Institute. And the establishment of the "Technical Committee", from Shanghai University, Shanghai Institute of Technology and Shanghai Jiaotong University sent experts to represent the technical committee.
The goal of the machine is to transform from a production-oriented enterprise to a production-oriented enterprise supported by technological progress and market-oriented, to ensure the sustainable development of the enterprise.
potential problems
Four major problems hinder industry development
Xue Tongyi, deputy general manager of Qinghai Huading Co., Ltd.: During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" and "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, China's middle and low-end CNC machine tools achieved rapid growth in output. However, the products still have no characteristics, and the assimilation phenomenon is serious. Small vertical machining centers and ordinary CNC lathes bloom everywhere, enter a fierce price war, and the economic benefits are low. Some high-end products are also simply assembled by imported parts. The products developed by themselves are very self-developed. Less, imported CNC machine tools have increased year by year, accounting for 70%~80% (sales) of the national CNC machine tool demand. What is the reason hinder the development of China's machine tools, I personally think in the following aspects:
The system restricts the machine tool industry to be dominated by state-owned enterprises before 2000. All major decisions are decided by the higher authorities. The main evaluation indicators of the superiors are the output value, the proportion of growth during the same period, and the new product development task is a soft indicator. The main problem for business leaders is We must have a job, have wages, and focus on the front, and put long-term investment in the second and third places; technical transformation projects are also placed on production capacity, reduce costs through capacity increase, and improve efficiency through technological innovation. Putting it on the theory; responsibility, power, and profit are not clear, basically all are short-term goals, and the assessment methods for long-term goals are not perfect; technical resources are not included in assets, and the value of technology cannot be reflected.
The mechanism lags behind the difficulties of state-owned enterprises in the reform of the three mechanisms. Private enterprises and foreign companies can do the following: wages can be more and less, jobs can be up and down, and people can enter and exit, but it is difficult to do in state-owned enterprises, because stability is a top priority. If the concept is backward, competition and innovation are better than making mistakes. Therefore, the new mechanism and new technology are difficult to promote, and the innovation environment is difficult to establish.
Lack of common values ​​There is a tendency in the industry: each is the center, and it is the only way to “create†the world, to be independent, to deviate from the market mechanism, to have market disorder, infringement, counterfeiting, counterfeiting, and dishonesty. Innovation is worse than dig people, innovation is not as good as infringement, innovation is not as good as counterfeiting, and innovation is not as good as introduction. However, if this continues, the industry will have difficulty forming synergies and is not conducive to international competition. What about mastering core technologies, sustaining development, leading the market, and improving the ability to resist risks? As a result of changes in the market, performance immediately fell, investment became a burden, development funds were even more scarce, and corporate competitiveness was further weakened. It can be said that the use of the doctrine is the means of enterprise entrepreneurship, and can not be regarded as the development concept of the enterprise. Buying technology is a means of entering the industry. It must be digested and absorbed. It cannot be used as a source of technology. Only when an enterprise has the ability to independently innovate, improve the return on total assets, market share, and enhance its ability to withstand risks, can it truly show its strength.
The industry alliance stays in theory in small but full, large and complete, rather as a chicken head. The phenomenon of improper phoenix tail still exists in the industry. The cooperation between enterprises is not strong, the specialized division of labor is not coordinated, and the industrial alliance only stays in theory. . For example, most of the functional components rely on imports, and the functional components enterprises are out of touch with the host enterprises. There is no joint research and development innovation. The integrity mechanism of the two parties has not been established, the sharing mechanism has not been established, the industry alliance lacks the leader, and the OEM has adopted the adoptionism. The component factories take their own battles. In recent years, in the case of enterprise asset restructuring, mergers and acquisitions, the cooperation, mergers and mergers between the OEM and the component factories are rarely seen, and the phenomenon of the production of components and the production of the main components of the mainframe factory has occurred from time to time. The utilization of resources in the industry is very inadequate, and the coordination mechanism has not been established, which seriously affects the benefits and progress of independent innovation.
Expert advice
He Guangyuan, former Minister of Machinery Industry:
At present, there are some problems in the machine tool industry, such as convergence and the concept of customary single-machine supply. At present, some mechanical processing fields import a large number of foreign equipment, and even some non-critical equipment are imported from abroad. The domestic market share of machine tools is very small, which requires domestic machine tool enterprises to participate in the competition in these fields.
In addition, many domestic machine tool companies are accustomed to supplying single machines to users, and the supply power to complete sets of equipment and production lines is relatively weak. Some enterprises have interrupted supply due to lack of timely and necessary maintenance and services after selling complete sets of equipment. To attract the attention of enterprises.
Poor machine reliability is an old problem with domestic machine tools, but failure to deliver on time will have a big impact on users. Enterprises should pay attention to the cultivation of credibility.
Former Vice Minister of Machinery Industry, Shen Liechu:
Enterprises must be good at innovation, from innovative thinking to samples, to products, and finally to the formation of goods, so that customers get benefits and benefits from machine tool innovation; Secondly, in recent years, the development speed of China's machine tool industry has accelerated, but the domestic machine tool enterprises Relative competitiveness is declining, which requires our machine tool companies to pay attention to research on how to improve competitiveness, to train world-class technical experts, outstanding entrepreneurs, and a large number of senior technicians who can participate in international competition.
I suggest that the newly developed products of the company may wish to do an experiment, arrange the employees of the enterprise or ask the users to help record the failure rate of the products within one year, and study the causes of the failures. Although this is a stupid job, it is not conducive to improving product performance.
The deputy chief engineer of the former Machine Tool Division of the Ministry of Machinery Industry is valuable:
In 2005, there were more than 60,000 CNC machine tools in China, but it should be noted that 70% of the products are economical CNC machine tools that are rarely produced or not produced at all in industrialized countries or regions. In addition, the output of CNC machine tools in China is growing at a high speed, while ordinary machine tools Production is also growing at a high rate, and structural contradictions have not been alleviated.
The machine tool factories in major industrial countries and regions in the world are developing in the direction of numerical control, high precision, high efficiency and environmental protection. Therefore, the situation requires that the machine tool industry must accelerate the transformation of growth mode. Yu Chengting, executive vice president of China Machine Tool Association, believes that changing the economic growth mode of the machine tool industry is the key to realizing the revitalization of the industry. The development of the industry must shift from quantitative growth to qualitative improvement, from speed to efficiency; the core of product structure adjustment and industrial development is technological innovation; accelerate the pace of international cooperation and expand the export power of CNC machine tools.