Technical trends in functional fertilizers
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China's new fertilizer development strategy, direction and goals
Fertilizer industry development strategy
1. It is predicted that the demand for chemical fertilizers in China will be 68 million tons in 2030, which is an increase of 26.5 million tons of chemical fertilizers per year. The state needs to increase investment by about 150 billion yuan, and spend 1.5 billion US dollars in foreign exchange every year. Farmers need to increase their purchase of fertilizer by 100 billion yuan. The cost of social spending and society is enormous. In 2030, it is difficult to achieve an average fertilization level of 680 kg/hm2 in 100 million hectares of cultivated land nationwide, and it is also unbearable for soil and environment. By 2030, China's economy will be at the level of large and medium-sized developed countries. The focus of research should be on how to improve the efficiency of fertilizers, rather than continuing to significantly increase the level of fertilization. Therefore, we will update our concepts and break the tradition, and strive to implement a quality-adapted quantity development strategy for China's fertilizer industry in the next 30 years. The supply of fertilizers will be controlled within 50 million tons. By developing new fertilizers, we will increase or decrease the amount of chemical fertilizers. Next, we will ensure food security in our country by improving efficiency.
2. Technical problems and development goals of new fertilizer development
Controlled-release fertilizers, microbial fertilizers, commercial organic fertilizers and multifunctional fertilizers have made the research and development of new fertilizers in the current and future hotspots of new fertilizers. In general, the research and development of new fertilizers in China is weak compared with developed countries. The key technologies such as materials, processes and equipment have not made major breakthroughs. The industrial technology platform with independent intellectual property rights has not yet been established. Low technical level. Strengthening basic and applied basic research, focusing on breaking through the key technologies that restrict industrialization development, building industrial platform technologies with independent intellectual property rights, and promoting industrialization are the goals of new fertilizer development in China and in the future.
3. Slow/controlled release fertilizer
The problems are: 1) The delay in the innovation of controlled release materials. The quality and price of controlled release fertilizers are critically dependent on innovations in controlled release materials. Japan's breakthrough in controlled release fertilizer research is based on innovation in coating materials. Although the research on controlled-release materials in China has its own characteristics, it basically draws on the experience of developed countries. It has not made major breakthroughs in the fields of coating materials, cementing materials and enzyme inhibitors. Accelerating the development of controlled-release materials is a new type of development. It is imperative for slow release fertilizers. 2) The key technologies are weak. China's controlled release fertilizer research started late, and the chemical industry began to participate less. The key technologies mainly studied foreign experience in Japan. Although in recent years, the National 863 Program and other terminal stations have studied the study of controlled release fertilizers, scientists have combined a number of distinctive researches in materials, controlled release technologies, and processes in combination with national conditions, but major key technologies still require further research. breakthrough. 3) Process equipment is not matched. The degree of industrialization is not high. China's resin-coated fertilizers have made progress in the digestion, absorption and development of materials, processes and equipment by reference to Japanese technology. However, there are still gaps in production scale and product quality. The packaging technology and equipment for nutrient materials are original in China, but the cost of materials and processes is still high, and needs to be further improved. Other matrix compounding and cementing process equipment is still in the stage of small test and pilot test, and there is still a distance from large-scale industrialization. On the whole, China's controlled release fertilizer technology and equipment are also workshop-style production, which requires a large technological advancement. 4) Applied basic research and quality standards are basically blank. The practical technology research and quality evaluation of controlled release fertilizers in China are subject to the constraints of the entire industrialization level and are still very weak. In short, due to the weak key technologies and unsuitable process equipment, China's controlled release fertilizer research has formed an innovative technology platform with independent intellectual property rights, so that the industrialization level is low, the product price is high, and the output is low.
Development ideas and objectives: In the near future and in the future, the research and development of slow/controlled release fertilizers in China should focus on solving the key technologies of price and industrialization, platform technology, process equipment, industrialization platform, talent team, farmers' understanding, practical technology, Major issues such as evaluation methods. Agricultural scientific research department, chemical industry, and enterprise linkage, strive to overcome key technologies during the 10th Five-Year Plan period; “11th Five-Year Plan†to build industrial platform technology, and breakthrough in industrialization; “12th Five-Year Plan†to achieve industrialization and controlled release fertilizer It is recognized and accepted by the majority of farmers and has a place in the fertilizer market in China.
4. There are problems with microbial fertilizers: 1) Fundamental and applied basic research is seriously lagging behind. The mechanism of microbial fertilizers, the effects of factors and mechanism research are backward; the methods of screening and constructing high-efficiency microbial fertilizer strains are backward; the lack of innovation of fertilizer strains, the use of microbial fertilizers for narrow species and few species; carriers, processes, fermentation conditions, and more The basic research in key technical fields such as functional flora combination is backward, and the treatment of microbial fertilizer industry in China is now being treated. 2) The scale of industrialization is small, the quality of products is uneven, the market is chaotic, and the quality standards and quality inspection technologies need to be improved. From the perspective of China's microbial fertilizers as a whole, distance from production standardization, business management, management legalization, production and marketing integration, product commodification, and certain production scale and production groups, there is still distance; microbial fertilizer market is still chaotic, industry management It is subject to further standardization; product standard research is lagging behind, quality inspection level needs to be improved, and no advanced, fast and accurate quality inspection technical system has been formed. At present, the detection of products mainly relies on conventional technology.
Development ideas and objectives: It is necessary to strengthen the basic and applied basic research of microbial fertilizers. In the next 5 to 10 years, we will focus on breakthroughs in strain construction techniques and strain combination technologies, and obtain independent intellectual property rights in carriers, dosage forms, fermentation processes and equipment. Key technology. Broaden the product field, develop a batch of new microbial fertilizer products; strengthen the quality standards and testing technology research, form an advanced, fast and accurate quality inspection technical system for microbial fertilizers, which is the healthy development of China's microbial fertilizer industry.
5. The problems with commercial organic fertilizers are: 1) The research on rapid fermentation technology lags behind. China has not made breakthroughs in the rapid development of high-temperature rapid fermentation of biological agents, the development of bio-chemical-physical continuous rapid fermentation system, rapid and efficient deodorization technology, rapid continuous fermentation process and equipment supporting technology, mainly to introduce or learn from foreign technology, Lack of key technologies with intellectual property rights. The imported foreign technology has high fermentation cost and is not practical in China. 2) The key technology of fertilizer production needs to be broken. The dosage form of fermented materials for commercial organic fertilizer products, bio-organic fertilizer production, organic-inorganic compatibility, organic compound slow-release fertilizer production, granulation binder technology, and process equipment technology are still to be broken.
Development ideas and objectives: In the next 5 to 10 years, strengthen the basic research in the field of rapid fermentation and deodorization of organic materials; establish a high-temperature continuous rapid fermentation system with organic intellectual property rights in China; carry out research on key technologies of commercial organic fertilizer industrialization, Set up China's commercial organic fertilizer industrialization technology platform; promote the development of China's commercial organic fertilizer industrialization, and achieve the upgrading of traditional organic fertilizer products.
6, new functional fertilizer
Research in this field has just started, and there are still many technical problems. The focus of future research should be on basic and applied basic research. In 5 to 10 years, we will break through key technologies, initially construct an industrialization platform, and realize industrialization in certain areas. The areas that focus on strengthening research include: functional fertilizers that promote the development of crop roots, fertilizers that are upright for lodging, and environmentally friendly fertilizers that replace organic insecticides with inorganic nutrients. Phosphate fertilizers provide fertilizers for fertigation sources and water-retaining fertilizers.
"Eleventh Five-Year Plan" Key Fields of China's New Fertilizer Development
1. Slow/controlled release fertilizer
In view of the lagging innovation of China's controlled-release materials, weak product technology, red equipment is not suitable, it is difficult to form industrialization, high-tech reserves are insufficient, quality standards are blank, and other key issues, with the main goal of field crop production, to restrict China's controlled release fertilizer. Major key issues such as the development of materials, process equipment, technical quality standards for production and use, pilot projects and industrialization of new fertilizers are key breakthroughs, and the development of new slow/controlled release fertilizers with Chinese characteristics, environmentally friendly and efficient, and Jialian Technology platform; cultivate a multi-disciplinary, application-based and engineering-technical backbone team to accelerate the modernization of China's fertilizer industry, provide technical support for the safe production of agricultural products and improve the international competitiveness of China's agricultural products. The research is carried out in three levels: cutting-edge technology, major key technologies, pilot and industrialization.
The cutting-edge technology is mainly to research and develop new controlled release materials. The focus includes high-altitude performance nutrient coating materials, organic polymer controlled release new materials, industrial and agricultural waste modified controlled release new materials, organic and inorganic conformable controlled release materials, and research and development of new enzyme controlled release agents.
The key technologies are mainly new controlled release fertilizer production process equipment and key technologies for industrialization. The key technologies include the production process and industrialization technology of coated and controlled release fertilizer for nutrient materials, and the production process and industrialization technology of high-polymer thin-controlled release fertilizer. Matrix compounding and cementing controlled release fertilizer technology and industrialization technology, chemical inhibitory controlled release fertilizer technology and industrial technology, slightly soluble slow release fertilizer production technology and industrialization technology, and controlled release fertilizer practical technology, production technology scale, product quality Standard system and evaluation agency.
2, microbial fertilizer
In view of the serious lags in the basic research and application of microbial fertilizers in China, the main problems of small scale of industrialization, poor product quality, imperfect quality standards and quality inspection techniques, in strain construction techniques, combination technologies, carriers, dosage forms, fermentation processes, Breakthroughs in key technical fields such as equipment, quality and monitoring technology; broaden product areas, develop a batch of new microbial fertilizer products; build China's microbial fertilizer industrialization technology platform; cultivate a microbial fertilizer research and development team to promote microbial organisms in China The modernization of fertilizer industry is carried out at three levels: cutting-edge technology, major key technologies, pilot and industrialization.
The cutting-edge technology is mainly the screening and construction of high-efficiency microbial fertilizers, focusing on the research of nitrogen-fixing, stress-resistant and highly competitive root-knot strains, research on new anti-reverse PGPR strains, high-anti-reverse phosphorus solubilization, potassium dissolving, degrading pesticides, crop straws. Research on functional strains such as decomposing, combined bacterial flora and fermentation technology research, new microbial fertilizer carriers, dosage forms, adhesive research, and microbial fertilizer quality standards and efficient, rapid and accurate detection research.
The key technologies are mainly new microbial fertilizer production processes and key technologies for industrialization, with emphasis on new high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing, stress-resistant, highly competitive rhizobial fertilizer production processes and industrialization technologies, Rhizobium + PGPR production processes and industrialization technologies. High-efficiency anti-reverse phosphorus, potassium, pesticide, disease prevention and other functional microbial fertilizer production process industrialization technology, efficient and rapid crop straw decomposing bacteria production process and industrialization technology, as well as microbial fertilizer application technology and evaluation research. Pilot and industrialization demonstrations, piloting and industrialization of major product priorities, and promoting the transformation of technology into productivity.
3. Commercial organic fertilizer
In response to the problem of the rapid development of rapid fermentation technology, the development of rapid fermentation technology, the development of equipment, equipment and other key technologies, the rapid fermentation of biological preparations, biological-ski-powerless rapid integrated fermentation technology, rapid and efficient deodorization technology Breakthroughs in the technical fields of rapid continuous fermentation process equipment and commercial organic fertilizer production process equipment have been established to build a production technology platform for commercial organic fertilizers in China, promote the upgrading of traditional organic fertilizer products in China, and promote the industrialization of organic fertilizers.
The cutting-edge technology is mainly the rapid fermentation technology of organic materials. Including the rapid fermentation of organic materials and related materials research; high-humidity materials rapid dehydration technology research; organic fermentation and deodorization technology research; organic material fermentation nutrient preservation technology research; organic materials high-temperature continuous aerobic rapid fermentation bacteria process and equipment research.
The key technologies are mainly the key technologies for commercial organic fertilizer production and industrialization. Including organic fertilizer granulation binder and fertilizer granulation technology, organic fermentation production of slow release fertilizer technology and industrialization technology, as well as commercial organic fertilizer application technology and evaluation research. Pilot and industrialization demonstrations, piloting and industrialization of major product priorities, and promoting the transformation of technology into productivity.
4. New functional fertilizer
The research on new functional fertilizer has just started in China, combined with national conditions, the key research areas include research and industrialization of water-retaining multi-functional fertilizers, regulation of the deep development of crop roots, improvement of fertilizer research and industrialization of lodging resistance; inorganic nutrient elements instead of organic killing The environment of insects (bacteria) has good fertilizer research and industrialization; the research and industrialization of fertilizers for fertilizing and fertilizing phosphorus sources with water-insoluble phosphate fertilizer; the research and industrialization of herbicide-type fertilizers and the research and industrialization of crop quality-improved fertilizers.
5. Development of strategic measures and policy recommendations
Promoting the development of new fertilizer research and industrialization is a systematic project that requires the joint efforts of scientists and the fertilizer industry, and requires the advancement of the state in policy. Suggestions: 1) increase the investment in new fertilizer research, improve research and development conditions, and strengthen the R&D team; 2) provide preferential support for investment and credit to the new fertilizer industry; 3) state investment in building a new high-tech demonstration enterprise of fertilizer; 4) Established a national new fertilizer research and development engineering technology center.
(Integrated Branch)