Cultivating robust seedlings is the key to high yielding of rice. By analyzing common problems in breeding, and proposing corresponding solutions, it provides a technical reference for cultivating high-yield and strong-growing.

(1) Common problems and countermeasures for machine insertion and breeding 1. Seed emergence is poor. Machine seedlings often have poor seed emergence, irregular emergence and uneven distribution of seedlings in the pan, which affects the quality of the machine inserts. It is mainly caused by poor seed quality, low germination rate and improper handling of earthworms. Solution: First, we must do a germination test before breeding, and choose seeds that meet the standards for breeding. In the process of raising the soil of the seedling bed, it is necessary to select the appropriate type of fertilizer, and the amount of fertilizer and the seedling agent should be appropriate. In the dry land, the small-scale breeding experiment is required before the soil is taken to determine whether it can be used as a nutrient soil. The compound fertilizer should be selected for the nursery fertilizer, and the application amount of the strong sputum agent should be appropriate. The unfertilized manure, urea, ammonium bicarbonate and the like are directly used as the base fertilizer, and at the same time, the fertilizer cannot be applied and the strong seeding agent can be added after the seeding.

2. "wearing a hat" seedlings. There are often many 秧 出现 出现 戴 戴 戴 戴 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常 常In the midair; the seedlings that have not been pulled up are barely covered because of the absence of cover soil. This phenomenon is mainly caused by the dry soil cover, the over-drying, the uneven thickness, and the excessive bed water. Corresponding countermeasures: Dry soil should be selected for suitable soil cover, with uniform coverage and appropriate thickness. For the seedlings that have appeared in the "wearing hat" situation, you can use the thin branches to gently tap on the bed soil, so that the jacked up clods are shattered and then dropped, then uncover the cover film, and appropriately add some fine soil. Cover all the roots, then spray some water to keep the roots of the seedlings moist. At the same time, rinse the soil sticking to the leaves and finally restore the cover film.

3. The seedlings are blighted. Blight disease is a disease that needs to be controlled when the machine is transplanted. When it is damaged by the blight, the base of the seedlings turns yellow to yellowish brown. When it is severe, the rot is softened, and the whole plant is green or yellow to brown. Once the machine transplanted rice is damaged by the rice blight, it often causes the number of seedling transplanted seedlings to be insufficient. Prevention and control of blight, first do the bed soil preparation and acid adjustment work, adjust the pH to below 6.0; secondly, disinfect the soil, use 70% dikesong 600-800 times liquid to spray the seedbed soil before sowing, sowing After spraying the wet cover soil, the subsoil and the cover soil are sprayed once, and can not be repeated, so as not to cause phytotoxicity; in the seedling 1 leaf 1 heart to 2 leaves 1 heart period, 70% dikesong 600 times liquid for leaf surface Spray 1-2 times.

(2) Common problems and countermeasures for dry nursery 1. Yellowing dead seedlings or dead dead seedlings. The main reason is that the soil is not acidified or mismatched, so the soil pH is too high, and it is easy to yellow or dead seedlings. Solution: First, when the pH value of the seedbed is greater than 8, the dry nursery can not be carried out. When the pH value of the seedbed is about 7.5, the acid should be adjusted with sulphur powder 2-3 months in advance, 200 grams per square meter, so that the drought It is suitable to raise the pH value of the seedling bed to 4.5-5.5; the second is to use the "dry nursery" to dress the seed; the third is to use 500 times of the enemy's pine solution to prevent and control the seedlings.

2. The emergence of seedlings is not neat. Insufficient bottom water during sowing of dry nursery directly leads to untidy emergence, and there are large and small seedlings in the later stage. Solution: The bottom water should be saturated when sowing. If the bed soil is found to be white or cracked during the emergence period, the water should be replenished in time to avoid affecting the emergence.

3. Improper use of herbicides. After the seedlings of dry nursery, the herbicides are not applied. After emergence, the seedlings and weeds are symbiotic, which affects the robust growth of the seedlings and the poor quality of the seedlings. Solution: First, we must use special herbicides to weed after sowing, such as drought and flood, Xinye, etc. Second, use the time of refining after emergence, artificially remove weeds in time to avoid the phenomenon that weeds grow faster than seedlings.

(3) Common problems and countermeasures for wet breeding 1. Rice seeds are not soaked and germinated for sowing. Some farmers in the production do not soak seeds for germination and sowing, that is, sowing of dry rice seeds. After sowing, the temperature is low, which is easy to cause rotten seeds. Solution: First, we should promote the benefits of soaking and germination. Second, if the peasants' dry rice seeds are found to be sowed, it is required that the ditch water cannot be used. The third is to guide the farmers to cover the film insulation, or to cover the film with a film, that is, cover the double film.

2. Germination and burning buds. Burning buds are yellowing or even rot caused by excessive temperature during germination. Solution: First, check the germination temperature and turn it down again in about 3 hours. Second, the temperature is controlled at 25-28 °C after breaking the chest. If the temperature exceeds 30 °C, it should be turned over and rinsed once, and the germination should continue after the temperature is lowered.

3. Rotten seedlings. In rice production, there are cases of dead seedlings during the breeding period. Solution: First, choose seeds without mildew and insects. Second, dip the seeds to change water frequently. Third, the temperature should be suitable for germination. Fourth, after the seedlings are emerged, the temperature should be uncovered to cool the film. The cold wave comes to cover the film. The fifth is to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, to cultivate strong seedlings, and the sixth is to pay attention to the prevention and control of rice blast.