The majority of science is subject to the minority, and only when a few people overthrow the ideas of the majority can science advance.

Therefore, expert review is not absolutely useful because expert review is based on existing knowledge, and scientific progress is to overturn existing knowledge.

1. How many earthquakes occur in the world each year?

A: There are more than 5 million earthquakes on Earth each year, that is, tens of thousands of earthquakes occur every day. However, most of them are too small or too far away from us and people do not feel it. Earthquakes that can really cause serious damage to humankind are about one or twenty times a year in the world. Earthquakes that can cause particularly serious disasters such as Tangshan and Wenchuan occur once or twice a year. Earthquakes cannot be used to record earthquakes that cannot be sensed by people; different types of seismographs can record earthquakes of different intensities and distances. Thousands of various types of seismic equipment are currently in operation in the world, monitoring the movement of earthquakes day and night.

2. What is a source?

A: What is the epicenter? How is it determined? Answer: The place where the Earth's internal rupture is directly generated is called the source. It is an area, but studying earthquakes often sees it as a point. The point on the ground facing the source is called the epicenter and it is actually an area. The epicenter measured from seismograph records is called microseismic and is expressed in terms of latitude and longitude; the epicenter determined from the macro survey of earthquakes is called macro epicenter and it is the geometric center of the epicentral region (the area most seriously damaged near the epicenter), and also uses latitude and longitude. Indicated. Due to different methods, the macro-epicenter and micro-epicenter often do not coincide. When no instrument was recorded before 1900, the epicentre of the earthquake was determined by the macroscopic epicenter of the damage scope.

3. What is the magnitude and how is it measured?

A: Magnitude is a “ruler” that measures the size of the earthquake itself. It is related to the elastic wave energy released by the source. The higher the magnitude, the greater the energy released by the source; the magnitude difference is one level, and the energy difference is more than 30 times. The magnitude is usually measured by the vibration amplitude of the ground motion recorded by the seismograph. Due to the differences in the propagation path of the seismic wave and the site conditions of the seismic station, the magnitudes measured by different stations are not the same, so the average of each station is often taken. The value is the magnitude of an earthquake. When an earthquake occurs, stations that are closer to the epicenter are often unable to determine the magnitude because the instrument records the amplitude “excessively.” At this point, it is necessary to use a station farther away to determine the magnitude. Therefore, it is very common to revise the magnitude after some time after the earthquake.

4. Does the focal depth affect the epicenter intensity?

A: The depth of the earthquake has a great influence on the damage of the earthquake. For an earthquake of the same size, the shallower the source, the heavier the damage caused. According to statistics, the epicentral intensity can be increased by 1 degree when the focal depth is reduced from 20 km to 10 km, or from 10 km to 5 km. This is often due to the fact that some earthquakes are not too high in magnitude, but one of the more serious causes of damage.

5. What is the plate edge earthquake? What is intraplate earthquake?

A: Earthquakes that occur on the plate boundaries are called plate edge earthquakes, and most earthquakes on the Pacific Rim earthquake zone belong to this category; earthquakes that occur within the plate call for intraplate earthquakes, such as earthquakes within the Eurasian continent (including China). class. In addition to the intraplate earthquakes, the intraplate earthquakes are also affected by the local geological environment. The causes and laws of earthquakes are more complicated than the plate edge earthquakes.

6. Why do you need to kill mosquitoes and flies after the disaster?

Answer: After the earthquake, due to the toilets, septic tanks being damaged, broken sewers, sewage overflowing, and corpses rotted, the health and epidemic prevention management work may temporarily collapse, and a large number of mosquitoes and flies breeding grounds will be formed. It is easy to breed in a short period of time. Mosquitoes and mosquitoes cause epidemics. Therefore, all effective measures must be taken to vigorously kill mosquitoes and flies.

7. What is the principle of rescue?

A: First, save your life. Do heart resuscitation first, save the person, and then heal the wound.

8. How many steps does cardiac resuscitation take?

Answer: Eight steps. Determine consciousness, call for help, place in a lateral position, open the airway, check for breathing, breathe in the mouth, check the pulse, and press the heart.