Science and Technology Life - Zhao Yunliang
Bopp Thermal Lamination Film,Hologram Thermal Lamination Film,Aluminum Metallized Polyester Film Hongkong NanJie Resources Co.,Ltd , http://www.aluminium-nanjie.com
Zhao Yunliang at work 1. Preparation for the topic When you participate in or host a research project, you must first prepare. The so-called "preparation" is the ins and outs of the project, the cause and effect, the purpose and the requirements to fully understand, on this basis For targeted learning, scientific researchers are those who live to learn old. The knowledge I have learned from school is mostly basic knowledge. It is often out of touch with the research work you participate in or undertake. It may be from the beginning, but it does not matter. The plasticity of young people is very good. It is never too late to start from scratch. For example, I am a professional in mechanics and craftsmanship. I came to Sanmao to work on the synthesis of superhard material synthetic diamond and the hard alloy top hammer. The knowledge involved in these tasks is mainly the knowledge of crystal growth and powder metallurgy. To this end, I have read a large number of artificial crystals, hard alloy manufacturing, powder metallurgy books, literature, journals, archives, and patents, thus making up for the lack of theoretical knowledge. It must be emphasized here that there is still a big gap between China and the developed countries such as Europe, the United States and Japan in the field of applied science and natural science. Therefore, I hope that everyone can read the original documents, periodicals and patents in English and Japanese. Find the knowledge that meets your requirements, get inspiration and inspiration from it, and fully understand the foreign market conditions of the projects you are involved in or undertake: technical level, performance, use and application areas and their effects, etc. This is the feasibility and result of your research. The advanced nature, creativity, competitiveness and even the market prospects are of vital importance. Of course, the domestic market cannot be ignored. It is necessary to avoid the closed-door car or the frog at the bottom of the well. To participate in industry academic exchange meetings as much as possible, the academic report of the conference can more or less increase your knowledge and understanding of the market. Another point is also extremely important, that is to learn from practice, to be ashamed to ask, to learn from old comrades, to learn from skilled craftsmen, "threesome must have my teacher"; if your practice or internship is just right for you If you are engaged in research, improvement or innovation, you must study it carefully. You must study it carefully, be diligent, carefully observe, and make records. You must have a thorough understanding of its production process, technical parameters, and tooling equipment. They must also know why. For example, when I was working in a synthetic diamond synthesis workshop, I first had to figure out why graphite can be converted into diamond. Why do you need a Group VIII metal in the periodic table of elements such as Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, etc. as a catalyst (catalyst)? Why do you need 5.5Gpa ultra high pressure and temperature growth conditions around 1500 °C? What is the impact of growth time on diamond crystals? And who invented the equipment and technology for the manufacture of synthetic diamonds, why the American Nobel laureate is known as the father of ultra-high pressure, Bridgman wants to make synthetic diamonds without success, and the American GE company studies chemistry Can the ear professor successfully synthesize the world's first synthetic diamond? The reason is that Bridgeman tried to convert graphite directly into diamond at high temperature of 20-30 Gpa and 3000 °C, while Hall used the principle of catalyst action in chemical reaction process to convert graphite into graphite by using metals such as Ni and Co as catalysts. The speed of diamond is accelerated, the required pressure and temperature conditions are greatly reduced, and he also designed a famous annual ring-type double-face press with a large synthetic cavity, which laid the foundation for the large-scale industrial production of synthetic diamond. He is well-deservedly known as the "father of synthetic diamonds." In the above-mentioned theoretical and practical learning process, not only did I absorb a lot of new knowledge, but more importantly, I learned some processes and methods of invention and creation. I later completed many researches in Sanmao and Xinya. The topic is very helpful. The success of the research test should be said to depend mainly on the subtlety of the preparation work. For those who are just beginning to engage in scientific research, it is best to participate in the undergraduate room. The workshop is under the guidance of the project of the old qualified researchers. The project can then analyze the ability to solve the problems that need to be solved according to the experience and knowledge accumulated in the past. Independently choose one that is likely to produce results, has good market prospects, broad application fields and good economic benefits. Projects; or reforming or innovating one of the existing product varieties, specifications, performance, production processes or equipment to make it more economical or more efficient is also a good choice. 2. The research plan and the organization of the research plan should be formulated by the researcher according to the needs of the market and its urgency. The researcher should make full use of his knowledge and experience, creative spirit and judgment ability, know yourself and use as much as possible. Ideas and methods Develop a phased goal that gradually approaches the ultimate goal until completion. I remember that Comrade Ye Jianying once said that "science has obstacles, as long as Kenden climbs", for the project leader, not only must have certain knowledge and practical experience, clear thinking, correct methods, not follow the old, not superstitious authority, dare to doubt everything And we must have a strong sense of responsibility, unite with other people in the research group, and openly talk. All opinions and suggestions about your completion of the project, whether correct or not, should be heard and analyzed, and there must be an indomitable spirit. There is no turning back." The 2-3 members of the research team should be strictly implemented according to the plan proposed by the responsible person. It is necessary to do auxiliary work, including testing, observation and recording. For each test result, it is necessary to participate in the discussion and put forward their own opinions and opinions. The person in charge should personally participate in the whole process of raw material preparation and testing, and master the first-hand information, including the unexpected accidents that occurred during the test, and timely modify the plan or plan according to the test results. All original records and data can not be arbitrarily modified, falsified, scientific researchers should be the most honest people in the world, otherwise they can only deceive themselves and cannot withstand the test of practice. 3. Test conditions test requires certain conditions. Scientific researchers are conditionalists, but they are not conditionalists. Many times conditions are created by scientists themselves. Many scientific achievements are realized in very difficult adversity. The examples are everywhere. The mathematician Chen Jingrun’s "Goldbach conjecture" world mathematics problem was solved in the toilet in the "bull shed" during the cultural revolution. At that time, it was difficult to talk about computers and even paper. Get it. The great discovery of Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, has brought the gospel to people who are not full of food in the world. Do you know under what conditions he was originally completed? In the difficult period of the 1950s and 1960s, he observed the growth process of rice hybrids in the field like a demon, and found it through numerous screenings. Besides, China’s atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, and missiles were manufactured in the early 1960s, when Sino-Soviet relations broke down, Soviet experts evacuated, the country’s three-year natural disaster, and rice were not enough, a group of patriotic intellectuals who returned to China soon. Under the leadership of Qian Sanqiang, Qian Xuesen and Qian Weichang, a group of young people who have just graduated from school and whose average age is less than 30 years old are extremely difficult in material conditions under the guidance of the spirit of “hard work and self-relianceâ€. Completed in the case. Looking at the history of the development of world science, I feel that it seems that great scientists and great inventions and creations can emerge in difficult conditions and in adversity. Things are artificial, scientists themselves are the most valuable conditions for scientific research, and human beings are the most valuable factor. As long as there are people, all human miracles can be created. Therefore, we have encountered difficulties in research, and it is entirely possible to lack some conditions. I remember that when I applied to the National Science and Technology Commission in 1986 for the "Diamond/Carbide Composite Sheet" Torch Program, the National Science and Technology Commission sent a special person to the Sanmao Institute. The inspectors thought that the conditions of the Sanmao Institute were far less than the Beijing Labor. At the Institute of Crystals, the project approved the IOL, and millions of dollars were also allocated to them, but the final success was not the artificial crystals with good conditions and sufficient funds, but the three mills with poor conditions and low capital. graduate School. 4. Conducting a test is the only way to apply scientific research, and it is also the key to your goal. In order for your experiment to proceed in an orderly manner, step by step approaching your ultimate goal, you must have a firm belief, be confident, and establish an idea that dares to dare to do, dare to innovate, and be brave in practice, and work hard," Genius is the ability to work endlessly and diligently." What other people can do, foreigners can do it, we can certainly do it, and strive to do better. In the early days of liberation, Chen Hao, the then dean of the Harbin Military Engineering Institute, asked Dr. Qian Xuesen, who returned from the United States, we can Can not engage in missiles, Qian Xuesen replied: "Can! Chinese people are not shorter than foreigners." In the process of testing, we must pay attention to the following methods; (1) adopt a step-by-step method for the technical or process parameters in the test. You can change one factor at a time, step through the screening, and record the situation and results. Reproducibility and stability should be reproducible when you repeat this test: (2) It is a basic and important to have detailed details of the test, including the nature of the raw materials, equipment operation, process control, ambient temperature and humidity, etc. The principle has the most important meaning. (3) Analyze each test and deploy the next test, test-analysis-retest, until the final goal is achieved. The possibility of success in a reform or innovation to do a test is negligible. After thousands of efforts, even generations, can succeed; (4) Sample evaluation, the number of samples should be sufficient to represent the whole. From the statistics, the average life expectancy of smokers is not as good as that of non-smokers, but this does not necessarily mean that smoking will shorten life, because non-smokers may pay more attention to their health in other important aspects, so they should be sampled. It is random sampling. Strictly speaking, the test results are valid, only for the conditions under which they are carried out. In the same year, all the research topics of the high-grade CBN of Sanmao, the realization of the technical indicators of the subject only depended on the HBN produced by a certain factory in a certain year, month and day, as the raw materials, if only the sampling evaluation is used to prove the problem. The technical indicators have been implemented is not correct. 5 , experimental observation of the most important conditions for researchers to achieve results is to visit the scene, carefully observe the known or unexpected situation during the test, and must not rely solely on others, to master first-hand information. For a new thing, or something unexpected, or a fleeting phenomenon, each person's feelings or observations are not exactly the same, or even the opposite. Researchers should analyze and judge on the basis of careful observation. For example, the temperature of well water is different in winter or summer, and the water temperature is different in the morning, middle and night. In fact, the water temperature is basically the same. During my decades of research and experimentation, the reason for discovering and achieving success is entirely due to my observation of every aspect of the experiment. Observers must focus most of their attention on your pre-selected range and make observations, but you should also pay attention to other phenomena, especially some unexpected special phenomena. These unexpected or accidental phenomena may give birth to major discoveries and bring you unexpected opportunities, such as the discovery of penicillin. In 1924, the British bacteriologist Fleming, while studying various variants of staphylococci, left a small number of petri dishes on the experimental table for inspection from time to time. Since the lid is often opened, the culture solution in the culture dish is inevitably contaminated by microorganisms in the air. One day, Fleming suddenly discovered that a strange pile of mold was growing on the edge of the culture dish. Staphylococci could not grow around the mold, and Staphylococcus which was farther away from it was dissolved by it. For this peculiar phenomenon, Fleming conducted a careful study and found penicillin. Fleming also won the 1945 Nobel Prize in Medicine. 6. The Importance of Hypothesis Many studies are based on assumptions and then find evidence to prove that this hypothesis is correct. There are no great discoveries without bold guesses. Einstein said: Human beings are great because of their dreams. For example, the invention of synthetic diamond is based on the assumption that natural diamond is formed by ultra-high pressure and high temperature conditions in the depth of the formation of its allotropic graphite, and then succeeded by simulating the conversion of graphite under the same conditions. CBN does not have natural minerals in nature. It is based on the assumption that HBN and graphite belong to the same hexagonal system, and may also be converted into a diamond-like tetrahedral crystal structure under ultra-high pressure and high temperature conditions. Practice has proved that this assumption is correct, thus A major invention of CBN has been achieved. The story of Columbus’s sailing around the world is based on his assumption that since the earth is round, he can sail west to the east. In the end, he finds not the expected new route, but a whole new continent. He has gone through hardships and died. Hold on to your own assumptions and believe that you have found a route to the East. Then Magellan also tried to sail around the world, but the aspirations were unpaid and the guests died. In August 2009, the Chinese sneaked over 30,000 nautical miles around the world for more than 900 days, completing a week around the globe, proving that Columbus’s vision was correct. 
However, if the assumption is sometimes wrong, when the hypothesis proves to be wrong, you must immediately give up or modify it, and don't hold it. Researchers must have a lot of imagination and curiosity. When you encounter problems in everyday things, think about it a lot. What's more, you have to complete a difficult subject or get involved in an unknown field. The so-called "brows and wrinkles, and counts on your heart" means that you think more about wisdom and knowledge. People are more imaginative, and creative thinkers are visionaries. From the falling apple, Newton thought of why the moon did not fall and found gravity; the constructive imagination of the material structure formed the atomic theory. Recently, a joke was circulated on the Internet. Three apples changed the world. The first apple fell on Adam and Eve and created humanity. The second apple fell on Newton’s head and found gravity. The third apple fell on Jobs. On the other hand, Jobs surpassed anyone else and turned modern electronic products into what people dreamed of. People who are keen on research work are often people with extraordinary curiosity. If you are interested, you may want to check the scientists who have made great inventions since ancient times. Which one is not very curious and has a lot of imagination. What about people? In addition, before your assumptions or whimsy are put into trial, you may wish to discuss with others. The so-called "threesomes must have my teacher", "three smugglers, the top one is Zhuge Liang" is to illustrate the benefits of the discussion. Because others may have different knowledge backgrounds, or others may observe the problem from another angle, it will help you more or less, or even have evidence to overturn your hypothesis. 7. Opportunity and opportunity are too important for a person's life. If Maxima does not encounter Bole, he can use it. If the film actor Wang Baoqiang does not meet the director Feng Xiaogang, he can become a movie star today. People can always encounter several opportunities in their lives, but the opportunity only pays attention to those who know how to pursue it. Opportunities are not waiting for you all the time. If you miss it, you may have nothing to do but regret for life. Today, everyone came to Sanmao to work like I did in the past. It is a big opportunity in itself and better than I was, because now I have a better research policy, a better working environment and conditions, and more The leader of Zhu Feng, who has a level of knowledge and pioneering spirit, has provided a stage for everyone to fully utilize their intelligence, talents and talents to achieve their ideals. So you must grasp all the opportunities that are good for achieving your goals. Coming to the Sanmao office is just that you have encountered an opportunity. It does not mean that you grasp or use the opportunity. In other words, encountering an opportunity does not mean achieving the goal of your life. Only you can take advantage of opportunities in research, new product development or Those who have discovered, invented, and made progress in other work, and made certain contributions to the society, can say that they have not missed the opportunity. The above mentioned opportunities refer to opportunities on a larger scale. For example, people often say that they have encountered great opportunities for reform and opening up. These people have them. But for researchers, the real opportunity often refers to an accidental encounter during the test, such as the penicillin accidentally discovered by the bacteriologist Fleming. In the history of scientific invention, this accidental unexpected event is also called an opportunity. If you can catch it in time, it may bring you unexpected other discoveries. Fleming discovered that the mold caused the staphylococcus to die. A Japanese medical scientist also saw it, but he only regarded it as a routine phenomenon in which mold consumed nutrients in the culture dish and caused staphylococcal death, and missed the opportunity to find penicillin. Roentgen found that other physicists had encountered such opportunities before X-rays and Farah discovered electromagnetic induction, but they all gently put these rare opportunities. I have encountered this kind of accident in the development of diamond composite sheets. Before putting the pyrophyllite assembly block of synthetic composite sheet into the press for ultra-high pressure high-temperature sintering, it is generally pre-heated in an electric drying oven at 130 °C. In the heat and dehumidification, the thermal relay of the drying oven failed, and the temperature rose to above 500 °C. As a result, the yield of the composite sheet was as high as 95%. Later, using this opportunity, the assembly was carried out using a high-temperature muffle furnace. The block is preheated to 500-550 °C, so that the yield and other performance indicators of the diamond composite sheet are successfully completed. 8. Intuition and Inspiration Einstein said that “the really cute factor is intuition.†The meaning of intuition is similar to inspiration, foreboding, or spiritual revelation, but it is not the same. When you think about a problem for a long time, you can't understand it. But suddenly there is a kind of thought or method that makes you feel open and open. It is an intuition. At first sight, she seems to be destined to be my other half. It is an intuition. "The mountains and the waters are full of doubts, and the villages are dark and bright, and another village". "There are thousands of Baidus in the public, and they look back. The man is in the light of the lights." This is also an intuition. In the US Daily Science website, there is a special discussion on the characteristics of inspiration. When inspiration comes, the brain suddenly flashes a solution to the problem. Inspiration has four main characteristics: suddenness. This experience is suddenly flashing, and fleeting; easy. Compared to the obstacles encountered in the past, this process of solving problems is very easy and smooth; it can produce positive effects; it feels good. After the inspiration appeared, the parties were convinced of this method of solving the problem. Intuition or inspiration often occurs in the midst of intense work, taking a leisurely walk, bathing easily, and in a sweet dream, they come without a trace. Once they appear, you must record them and put them into trial. More than 40 years ago, ultra-high pressure technology researchers all over the world were keen to study static ultra-high pressure devices with high pressure chamber pressures of 100,000 or even hundreds of thousands of atmospheres. The structure and performance of materials under extreme ultra-high pressure will be great. Change, even get a brand new substance. At that time, I was also in this trend, and I designed and tested a variety of ultra-high pressure devices for this purpose, but it is still difficult to achieve the desired goals and requirements. One day, a concept was suddenly sprouted. This concept was applied to ultra-high pressure devices, so a new type of static ultra-high pressure device was designed. 9. Logical Reasoning Logical reasoning is a research method that has nothing to do with creative thinking. Reasoning is sometimes correct, but sometimes it leads you into misunderstanding. According to the atomic structure and atomic weight of the elements in the periodic table, it is correct that Romulusov speculates that the vacant elements arranged in the periodic table are logical. The use of interpolation in data statistics is mostly allowed, and extrapolation often makes mistakes. When measuring the wear resistance of the diamond composite sheet, the edge of the diamond layer of the composite sheet is often used as a cutting edge to turn the granite workpiece, and the relative ratio Q of the wear amount of the composite sheet to the amount of granite lost is used as the diamond. Wear resistance index of composite sheet: Q wear ratio = granite cutting amount / composite sheet wear amount If the turning process is made into a graph, it can be found that the AB segment of the curve in the figure is extrapolated or interpolated for reasoning. Correct; and for the entire curve AC , extrapolation and interpolation are all wrong. 
10 , Difficulties and frustrations The biggest difficulty in discovering and inventing is that they are often opposed, ridiculed, cold-hearted and even stifled. Because a new theory, the emergence of a new thing may break the traditional habits and ideas, or offend the authority and damage their vital interests, a new discovery is often accepted repeatedly after repeated explanations and explanations. . We may know that Copernicus discovered the story that the earth was orbiting the sun, and that it was persecuted by the church because it contradicted the geocentric theory of the church. To give a very simple example, I just assigned to the internship of the diamond grinding workshop where Sanma is located. When I found the ultra-high pressure and high-temperature synthetic diamond, the high temperature of the high-pressure chamber was transmitted to the top of the hard alloy, so that the temperature of the top hammer was as high as 200 °C. Above, I accidentally burned my hands. The bigger problem is that it is not good for diamond crystal growth. Crystal growth requires a stable temperature field and growth time. For this reason, I designed and built a top hammer water-cooling device. The problem has been effectively solved, and it has been widely used in the synthesis of superhard materials. However, this very simple and small improvement with immediate results has also been ridiculed and opposed. New things are not accepted for a while, and from another perspective, it is useful to cushion the society’s premature acceptance of the assumptions that have not been fully proved and fully tested and verified. Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth. When one day proves that your ideas, discoveries, inventions are correct and beneficial to society, the mental frustrations and application obstacles you encounter will be lost. . Young friends, the above is the ten experiences and experiences that I have summarized in my research and production for more than 40 years. I hope that I can help and inspire your future work. Below I have a few related suggestions, which may be related to your future life, personal interests or philosophy of life. 1. Remuneration and encouragement for scientific research should be given to the rewards and encouragement of accomplished scientific research personnel. It is beneficial to stimulate or mobilize the enthusiasm of scientific researchers. Therefore, the government has issued a series of related policies and measures. I think Sanmao also has a series of incentives. For example, there are regulations on the protection of intellectual property rights in Henan Province. More than 5% of the profits from patented products can be used to reward project leaders. However, there may not be deviations in the implementation of the policy, and it may not be as fair and reasonable. This may affect your emotions and even affect the interpersonal relationship. A recent survey shows that money is not good for interpersonal relationships.å¦‚æžœä½ ç¢°åˆ°è¿™æ ·çš„äº‹ï¼Œä½ åƒä¸‡è¦æ‘†æ£äº‹ä¸šä¸Žé‡‘钱两者的关系，å°é‡å°è½»ã€‚事业是第一ä½çš„，金钱是第二ä½çš„。历å²è¯æ˜Žï¼Œè¿‡åŽ»è®¸å¤šä¼Ÿå¤§çš„科å¦å®¶å¯¹äººç±»çš„贡献得到的ä¸æ˜¯æŠ¥é…¬è€Œå¾€å¾€æ˜¯è¿«å®³ï¼Œè¿™æ˜¯å¸ç©ºè§æƒ¯çš„事，对他们æ¥è¯´ç ”究的快ä¹åœ¨äºŽç ”究本身，其他方é¢çš„利益收获都是é ä¸ä½çš„。导弹之父钱å¦æ£®è§£æ”¾åˆæœŸæ¯…ç„¶å†³å®šæ”¾å¼ƒåœ¨ç¾Žå›½çš„ä¼˜æƒ å¾…é‡å›žå›½ï¼Œç”±äºŽä»–çš„å“越æˆå°±åœ¨2000年被授于æ°å‡ºç§‘å¦å®¶å¥–，在领奖时他说过他æ¤ç”Ÿåªæœ‰è¿‡ä¸‰æ¬¡æ¿€åŠ¨ï¼š 1955年在美国被囚ç¦æ—¶ï¼ˆ1950—1955年）写作的工程控制论，他的导师看åŽè¯´æ°´å¹³å·²ç»è¶…过了导师；1959å¹´åŠ å…¥ä¸å›½å…±äº§å…šï¼›1999年他与雷锋ã€çŽ‹è¿›å–œã€ç„¦è£•ç¦„å¹¶åˆ—åœ¨ä¸€èµ·è¢«è¯„ä¸ºå…ˆè¿›å…±äº§å…šå‘˜ã€‚é‡‘é’±æ˜¯ç‰©è´¨ä¸Šçš„ï¼Œé¼“åŠ±æ˜¯ç²¾ç¥žä¸Šçš„ï¼Œæˆ‘è®¤ä¸ºå¯¹ç§‘ç ”äººå‘˜ç²¾ç¥žä¸Šçš„é¼“åŠ±æ¯”é‡‘é’±æ›´åŠ é‡è¦ã€‚ 1974年我在三磨所工作时，å‘现åˆæˆé‡‘åˆšçŸ³æ—¶ä½œä¸ºä¼ åŽ‹ã€å¯†å°ã€ä¿æ¸©ã€ç»ç¼˜çš„å¶è…ŠçŸ³å—çš„æµåŠ¨å˜å½¢å¯¹ä¿æŒé«˜åŽ‹è…”ä¸çš„压力与温度的稳定性与å‡åŒ€æ€§å¸¦æ¥ä¸åˆ©å½±å“ï¼ŒäºŽæ˜¯åŠ¨æ‰‹åˆ¶é€ å…·æœ‰é¢„åˆ¶å¯†å°è¾¹çš„å¶è…ŠçŸ³å—，有一ä½ç§‘室领导说过一å¥è¯â€œä¸‰ç£¨æ‰€çš„æŠ€æœ¯äººå‘˜éƒ½è±¡ä½ ä¸€æ ·å°±å¥½äº†ï¼â€è¿™å¥è¯å¯¹æˆ‘的鼓励至今还记忆犹新。这一å‘现和改进，åŽæ¥ç”³è¯·äº†ä¸“利，并应用于金刚石å¤åˆç‰‡çš„生产ä¸ï¼›ç”±äºŽæˆ‘在金刚石å¤åˆç‰‡ã€ç«‹æ–¹æ°®åŒ–硼å¤åˆç‰‡ä¸Žæ‹‰ä¸æ¨¡ç ”制ä¸æ‰€ä½œå‡ºçš„æˆç»©ï¼Œä¸‰ç£¨æ‰€ç»™äºˆäº†é«˜åº¦çš„肯定；政府åŠç§‘技部也给过许多è£èª‰ä¸Žå¥–åŠ±ï¼Œè¿™äº›ç²¾ç¥žé¼“åŠ±ç›¸å¯¹äºŽé‡‘é’±è€Œè¨€æ›´èµ·ä½œç”¨ã€‚å…¶å®žï¼Œç§‘ç ”ç»™ç ”ç©¶äººå‘˜å¸¦æ¥çš„æ„‰æ‚¦é™¤äº†ç§‘ç ”æœ¬èº«å¤–ï¼Œæœ€å¤§èŽ«è¿‡äºŽæ˜¯å½“ä½ çš„æˆæžœè½¬åŒ–为生产力åŽï¼Œä½ 的创新产å“的应用效果得到用户的肯定与满æ„，而且产å“的性能与应用效果达到国际先进水平或领先水平，能替代进å£ï¼Œèƒ½åˆ°å›½é™…市场上与国内外åŒè¡Œä¸€æ¯”高下，并能å 领国际市场，为国家ã€ä¸ºä¼ä¸šåˆ›é€ 良好的ç»æµŽæ•ˆç›Šä¹‹æ—¶ï¼Œè¿™ç§å¿«ä¹æ»¡è¶³æˆ–è€…è‡ªè±ªæ„Ÿæ˜¯ç»™å¤šå°‘é’±ä¹Ÿæ— æ³•æ¯”æ‹Ÿçš„ã€‚ 2ã€å…³äºŽç§‘å¦ç ”究的é“德观 任何科å¦ç ”究都是在å‰äººåˆ›é€ 与积累的知识基础上进行的，å¦ä¹ ã€å€Ÿé‰´ä¸Žå¼•ç”¨æ˜¯å®Œå…¨å¿…è¦çš„ã€æ£å¸¸çš„，但必须åšåˆ°ä½ 所å‚考利用的å‰äººæˆæžœä»¥åŠä»»ä½•æ›¾ç»å®žè´¨ä¸Šä¸ºä½ ç ”ç©¶æä¾›è¿‡å¸®åŠ©çš„äººï¼Œä½ æœ‰è´£ä»»ç»™äºˆåº”æœ‰çš„è‚¯å®šä¸Žæ„Ÿè°¢ã€‚æœ‰äººå¼•ç”¨åˆ«äººçš„æ„è§ã€è°ˆè¯ã€æ‘˜å½•ã€å›¾è¡¨å¥½è±¡æ˜¯è‡ªå·±çš„ä¸€æ ·ï¼Œè¿™æ˜¯ä¸€ç§å¸¸è§çš„ã€è¾ƒè½»å¾®çš„触犯，严é‡çš„ä¸é“德行为是剽窃别人著作ã€æˆæžœã€è°ˆè¯æ‰€é€éœ²çš„设想或åˆæ¥æˆæžœï¼›æˆ–者利用自己的æƒå¨å’Œåœ°ä½ï¼Œä¸åŠ³è€ŒèŽ·åœ°å 有别人的æˆæžœï¼Œæˆ–者侵犯别人的知识产æƒå¦‚专利æƒã€ç‰ˆæƒç‰ï¼Œè¿™ç§äººè¢«ç§°ä¸ºâ€œç§‘å¦å¼ºç›—â€ã€‚æŽ’åœ¨è¯¾é¢˜ç ”ç©¶ï¼Œè®ºæ–‡å‘表ã€ä¸“利申请å‰é¢çš„äººåº”è¯¥æ˜¯ç ”ç©¶å·¥ä½œåšå¾—最多ã€è€Œä¸”最有效的人，而ä¸æ˜¯è®ºèµ„æŽ’è¾ˆã€‚ç ”ç©¶äººå‘˜å°†å®žéªŒæ´»åŠ¨åŠé˜¶æ®µæˆæžœä¿å®ˆç§˜å¯†æ˜¯å¸¸è§çš„，是许å¯çš„，以é¿å…别人剽窃他们的åˆæ¥ç»“æžœã€æŠ¢å…ˆå‘表或报导或泄露。从长远看一个诚实的科å¦å®¶æ˜¯ä¸åƒäºçš„，é“德上的ç–忽在科å¦é¢†åŸŸå—到的惩罚è¦æ¯”在商业界严历的多。 3ã€å…³äºŽçŸ¥è¯†äº§æƒçš„ä¿æŠ¤ ä»Žä¸¥æ ¼æ„义上说ä¿å¯†æ˜¯æœ‰ç¢æŠ€æœ¯è¿›æ¥çš„，但从国家与集体利益上说，特别是军事科å¦é¢†åŸŸï¼Œåˆæ˜¯éœ€è¦ä¿å¯†çš„。为æ¤ï¼Œåœ¨ç§‘ç ”è¿‡ç¨‹æˆ–å®Œç»“æ—¶å¦‚æžœç¡®å®žæœ‰æ–°å‘明ã€æœ‰æ–°å‘现ã€æœ‰æ–°åˆ›é€ 应åŠæ—¶ç”³æŠ¥ä¸“利，在知识产æƒä¿æŠ¤æ³•å¾‹æ¯”较完善的国家，申请专利对于ä¿æŠ¤çŸ¥è¯†äº§æƒæ˜¯æœ‰æ•ˆçš„。专利分å‘明专利ã€å®žç”¨æ–°åž‹ä¸“利ã€å¤–观专利三ç§ï¼Œä¸“利的申请也è¦æ³¨æ„ç–略或者说方法， 本人申请过1个å‘明专利和11ä¸ªå®žç”¨æ–°åž‹ä¸“åˆ©ï¼Œæ ¹æ®æˆ‘çš„ç»éªŒåº”注æ„ä»¥ä¸‹å‡ ç‚¹ï¼š Aã€ä¸“利说明书最好由å‘æ˜Žè€…è‡ªå·±æ’°å†™ï¼Œå› ä¸ºåªæœ‰ä½ è‡ªå·±æœ€ç†Ÿæ‚‰ä½ çš„å‘明内容åŠæƒåˆ©è¦æ±‚ï¼› Bã€ä¸“利说明书的内容åªä»‹ç»å‘明的基本原ç†ä¸Žè¦ç´ ，并规定一个较宽的é™åˆ¶èŒƒå›´ï¼› Cã€ä¸“利说明书åŠå®žæ–½ä¾‹ä¸ä¸èƒ½è§¦åŠä½ çš„æ ¸å¿ƒæœºå¯†ä¸ŽæŠ€æœ¯å†³çªï¼› Dã€å¯¹äºŽæžæœ‰å‰é€”çš„é‡å¤§å‘æ˜Žåœ¨ä½ è¿˜æ²¡æœ‰å®žæ–½ä¹‹å‰ï¼Œåœ¨ä½ 还没有收到很大的技术ç»æµŽæ•ˆç›Šä¹‹å‰ï¼Œæœ€å¥½ä¸è¦ç”³æŠ¥ä¸“利。我国的知识产æƒä¿æŠ¤å·²æœ‰æ˜Žç¡®çš„法律ã€æ³•è§„，但实施力度ä¸å¤Ÿï¼Œä¾µæƒè€…æ¯”æ¯”çš†æ˜¯ï¼Œå› æ¤ç›®å‰è¿˜æ— 法完全ä¾èµ–专利ä¿æŠ¤æ³•ï¼Œä¹Ÿä¸è¦æŒ‡æœ›é€šè¿‡è¯‰è®¼åˆ°æ³•é™¢åŽ»æ‰“官å¸ã€‚对ä¼ä¸šæ¥è¯´æœ€å¥½çš„自我ä¿æŠ¤æ³•æ˜¯ä¸æ–创新，使产å“ä¸æ–æ›´æ–°æ¢ä»£ï¼Œå«åˆ«äººæ°¸è¿œè·Ÿä¸ä¸Šä½ çš„æ¥ä¼ã€‚ 4ã€å…³äºŽç§‘ç ”æˆæžœè½¬ä¸ºç”Ÿäº§åŠ› 任何å‘现ã€å‘明ã€åˆ›é€ 的最终目的是什么呢？从广义上说是为了促进社会的进æ¥ä¸Žå‘å±•ï¼Œé€ ç¦äºŽäººç±»ï¼›ä»Žç‹ä¹‰çš„范围上讲，是为了æå‡ä¼ä¸šçš„技术与ç»æµŽæ•ˆç›Šï¼ŒåŒæ—¶ä½¿ç ”究者在ç»æµŽä¸Šå—ç›Šã€‚ç ”ç©¶æˆæžœä¸æ˜¯ç”¨æ¥çº¸ä¸Šè°ˆå…µã€æŸä¹‹é«˜é˜ï¼Œä½†äº‹å®žè¯æ˜ŽçœŸæ£æœ‰æ•ˆçš„æˆæžœå¹¶ä¸å¤šï¼Œè€—费大é‡èµ„金与时间而å–å¾—çš„æˆæžœå› æ— æ•ˆã€æ— 用ã€è€Œå°å˜äºŽæ¡£æ¡ˆå®¤ï¼›å½“然其ä¸æˆ–许也包å«ç€ä¸€äº›å¯Œæœ‰å‰è†½æ€§çš„一时难已被人ç†è§£ã€æŽ¥å—的或时机尚未æˆç†Ÿè€Œæ— 法实践的æˆæžœï¼Œä½†æ˜¯åªè¦æ˜¯æ˜Žç ，迟早都会焕å‘出光彩。作为我们æžåº”ç”¨ç ”ç©¶ã€æ–°äº§å“å¼€å‘çš„ç ”ç©¶äººå‘˜æ¥è¯´ï¼Œåº”该ä¸å¤±æ—¶æœºåœ°ã€å¤§èƒ†åœ°æŠŠè‡ªå·±ç¡®ä¿¡å…·æœ‰å¸‚场å‰æ™¯å’Œç»æµŽæ•ˆç›Šçš„ç ”ç©¶æˆæžœè½¬åŒ–为生产力，那怕一时还ä¸æ˜¯é‚£ä¹ˆæˆç†Ÿå’Œæœ‰æŠŠæ¡ï¼Œå› 为在生产实践ä¸ï¼Œä¹Ÿåªæœ‰åœ¨ç”Ÿäº§å®žè·µä¸ä½ çš„æˆæžœçš„å¯è¡Œæ€§ä¸Žæœ‰æ•ˆæ€§æ‰èƒ½å¾—到验è¯ã€‚å¹´é’的朋å‹ä»¬ï¼æœ€åŽæˆ‘è¦è¯´çš„是，人生是漫长的，也是éžå¸¸çŸæš‚的，眼ç›ä¸€é—一ç就是一天，眼ç›ä¸€é—ä¸ç就是一辈å，象电视剧“康熙王æœâ€çš„主题æŒä¸æ‰€å”±çš„“我真的好想å†æ´»äº”百年â€æ˜¯ä¸å¯èƒ½çš„ï¼Œå¸Œæœ›ä½ ä»¬ç惜时间ã€ç惜生命，å¤äººäº‘“一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴â€ï¼Œâ€œå°‘壮ä¸åŠªåŠ›ï¼Œè€å¤§å¾’伤悲â€ã€‚在日本有一ä½å¹´è½»çš„临终关怀护士大津秀一，他在亲眼目ç¹ã€äº²è€³å¬åˆ°1000例患者的临终é—憾åŽï¼Œå†™ä¸‹äº†ã€Šä¸´ç»ˆå‰ä¼šåŽæ‚”çš„25件事》一书，其ä¸ç¬¬äºŒä¸ªé—憾就是“没有实现梦想â€ã€‚当人们在生命尽头往回看时，往往会å‘现有好多梦想没有实现。 “真æ£çš„åŽæ‚”，其实ä¸æ˜¯å› 为没有实现梦想，多åŠæ˜¯è´£æ€ªè‡ªå·±æ²¡èƒ½å°½100%的力é‡å®žçŽ°æ¢¦æƒ³â€ã€‚作为活ç€çš„我们åˆè¯¥å¦‚何拥有一个ä¸ç•™é—憾的人生呢？用乔布斯的一å¥è¯è¯´ï¼šâ€œä½ 的时间有é™ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥ä¸è¦ä¸ºåˆ«äººè€Œæ´»ï¼Œæ´»ç€å°±ä¸ºæ”¹å˜ä¸–ç•Œï¼â€ 在《钢é“æ˜¯æ€Žæ ·ç‚¼æˆçš„》一书ä¸ï¼Œä¿å°”Â·æŸ¯å¯Ÿé‡‘æœ‰å‡ å¥æ¿€åŠ±æˆ‘ä»¬å‡ ä»£äººçš„å言：“人最å®è´µçš„是生命，而生命属于æ¯ä¸ªäººåªæœ‰ä¸€æ¬¡ã€‚äººçš„ä¸€ç”Ÿæ˜¯åº”è¯¥è¿™æ ·åº¦è¿‡çš„ï¼Œå½“ä»–å›žé¦–å¾€äº‹æ—¶ï¼Œä¸å› 过去的虚度年åŽè€Œæ‚”æ¨ï¼Œä¹Ÿä¸å› è¿‡åŽ»çš„ç¢Œç¢Œæ— ä¸ºè€Œç¾žè€»â€¦â€¦â€ ç¥æ„¿ä½ 们把æ¡äººç”Ÿï¼ŒæŠŠæ¡æœºé‡ã€è¸è¸å®žå®žï¼ŒåŠªåŠ›å·¥ä½œï¼Œä¸ºç¥–å›½ä¸ºäººæ°‘è´¡çŒ®å‡ºä½ ä»¬çš„æ¯•ç”Ÿç²¾åŠ›å’Œæ‰åŽï¼Œä¸è¾œè´Ÿç¥–国ã€äººæ°‘ã€çˆ¶æ¯å¯¹ä½ ä»¬æ·±åˆ‡æœŸæœ›ï¼Œä¸ºè‡ªå·±åˆ›é€ å¹¸ç¦ç¾Žå¥½çš„ç”Ÿæ´»ï¼Œåˆ›é€ å…‰æ˜Žç¾Žå¥½çš„æœªæ¥ï¼ （选自2011å¹´7月29日上åˆéƒ‘å·žä¸‰ç£¨ç ”ç©¶æ‰€â€œç§‘æŠ€äººç”Ÿâ€ä¸»é¢˜æŠ¥å‘Šä¼šä¸Šçš„演讲稿）