Beginning in early March, Beijing spring greenhouse cucumbers will gradually enter the planting period. According to the results of various experiments in recent years, combined with the technical experience of Beijing high-yield demonstration sites, and on the climate of the Beijing suburbs, how to strengthen the spring greenhouse The following guidelines are provided for the management of cucumber planting period for reference by the majority of vegetable farmers and technicians.

First, soil preparation and fertilization

1. Facility preparation: The general requirements for production are to cover the film shed 20-25 days before the planting. After the shed film is covered, the field garbage is cleared in time, the air vent is closed, the shed temperature is raised, and the land preparation is prepared. Site preparation and hoeing work will be completed 10-15 days before planting.

2, the soil preparation

(1) Leveling the land: Land leveling is a prerequisite for consistent crop growth. For uneven plots, it must be leveled before planting vegetables.

(2) Applying the base fertilizer: 5,000 kg of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer, 50 kg of diammonium, and 15-20 kg of potassium sulfate. The base fertilizer is 2/3 general application, and 1/3 is applied to the ditch.

(3) Deeply ploughing the land: After the basic fertilizer is applied, the ploughing is carried out, and the general ploughing depth is about 40 cm.

(4) Crushing soil: The broken soil is carried out after the land is turned over, and the large piece of shovel formed by turning over the ground is crushed and the wavy ground is flattened.

(5) Rising ridges: It is recommended to apply two types of rafts, one is the flat raft, the application of the plot with drip irrigation conditions, and the other is the ridge ridge, using the sub-membrane furrow or quantitative drip irrigation. The raft is 130-140 cm wide and 15 cm high. When doing sputum, apply 1/3 of the base fertilizer.
Beginning in the first half of the month, the spring greenhouse cucumbers in our city will gradually enter the planting period. According to the results of various experiments in recent years, combined with the technical experience of high-yield demonstration sites in our city, and on the climate of the suburbs, how to strengthen the spring greenhouse cucumbers The management of the planting period proposes the following guidance for the reference of the farmers and technicians.

First, soil preparation and fertilization

1. Facility preparation: The general requirements for production are to cover the film shed 20-25 days before the planting. After the shed film is covered, the field garbage is cleared in time, the air vent is closed, the shed temperature is raised, and the land preparation is prepared. Site preparation and hoeing work will be completed 10-15 days before planting.

2, the soil preparation

(1) Leveling the land: Land leveling is a prerequisite for consistent crop growth. For uneven plots, it must be leveled before planting vegetables.

(2) Applying the base fertilizer: 5,000 kg of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer, 50 kg of diammonium, and 15-20 kg of potassium sulfate. The base fertilizer is 2/3 general application, and 1/3 is applied to the ditch.

(3) Deeply ploughing the land: After the basic fertilizer is applied, the ploughing is carried out, and the general ploughing depth is about 40 cm.

(4) Crushing soil: The broken soil is carried out after the land is turned over, and the large piece of shovel formed by turning over the ground is crushed and the wavy ground is flattened.

(5) Rising ridges: It is recommended to apply two types of rafts, one is the flat raft, the application of the plot with drip irrigation conditions, and the other is the ridge ridge, using the sub-membrane furrow or quantitative drip irrigation. The raft is 130-140 cm wide and 15 cm high. When doing sputum, apply 1/3 of the base fertilizer.
Second, colonization

1. Seed preparation: The seedlings will be started one week before planting, and the night temperature will gradually drop to 8 °C, but the ground temperature should still be above 13 °C. The seedlings were graded 3 days before planting, according to the large, medium and small grading (the seedlings were planted in the greenhouse around the planting, and the small and medium seedlings were planted in the middle of the shed). 2 days before the planting, spray 75% chlorothalonil WP 1000 times or 70 % Dixon 1000 times liquid to prevent seedling disease.

2. Appropriate planting: Starting from March 5, the temperature of the greenhouse is continuously monitored and the temperature in the greenhouse is 10 cm. The ground temperature monitoring point is 50 cm away from the west of the greenhouse. The temperature is 1.0 m from the ground in the middle of the greenhouse. The observation time is Every day before and after sunrise, when the ground temperature reaches 12 °C for five consecutive days, it can be planted. In normal years, the safer colonization period of spring greenhouse cucumbers in the plain area of ​​our city is in late March. If multiple coverage is used, it can be advanced to mid-March.

3. Colonization method: The planting should be carried out on sunny days in the morning, and the planting should be carried out by using “water stable seedlings”. First, according to the prescribed plant spacing, the planting points (cross-shaped rupture film) are opened, with a large row spacing of 80-90 cm, a small row spacing of 60-50 cm, a plant spacing of 27 cm, and a planting density of 3500-4000. Each hole is placed in a sustained release tablet, the tablet is covered with soil about 2 cm, and the planting hole is watered. When the water seeps into half, the seedlings are placed. After the water seeps, the hole is sealed. The depth of the covering should not exceed the height of the nursery, and the film is broken.

Third, pre-harvest management

1. Management of slow seedling period: The management focus of this period is to increase the temperature and promote the slow seedling. After planting, the shed should be kept warm for one week. During the period of shallow cultivating 2 times, there is no need to ventilate and water the seedlings during the slow seedling period. When the temperature exceeds 35 °C at noon, the top vents can be cooled. Pay attention to the vents not to open too much, do not open the waist, Do not open the bottom wind, keep the air outlet closed when the temperature drops slowly to 32 °C, and keep it above 15 °C at night. When the heart leaves begin to grow, the slow seedling period ends. At this time, depending on the soil moisture and the plant growth, it is decided whether to cool the seedling water. Even if the seedling water is to be poured, the water should be poured, and the water should be ploughed in time. Note that the external temperature is not very stable during this time. It is necessary to prevent cold damage, cold damage, and even freezing damage.

2. Management of seedling stage: After the seedlings are finished, the seedling stage is entered. The management of the seedling stage is to promote the development of roots, control the growth of stems and leaves, and coordinate the relationship between the shoots and the lower parts of the plants to facilitate the flowering of the melons. Therefore, do not water and top dress during the seedling stage, and promote root growth through appropriate physiological drought. The main work during the period is as follows:

(1) cultivating loose soil 2-3 times to increase ground temperature and promote root development.

(2) In temperature management, the temperature can be appropriately lowered. During the daytime, it is 25-30 °C. If it exceeds 30 °C, the air can be released. When the temperature of the shed falls to 25 °C, the air outlet is closed, and 10-15 °C is maintained at night.

(3) In this period, the vines begin to elongate. When the vines are 25-30 cm long, it is necessary to start tying the vines. It is best to use silver-gray plastic rope to hang the vines. Each plant uses 2 ties and vines to facilitate the later fall.秧; If you use a bamboo raft insert, you should insert the vertical stand and avoid the herringbone frame.

3. Management of the first melon period: After the root melon is seated, it marks the end of the seedling stage. In this period, the temperature is higher and the plant grows vigorously. It should be watered in time (if the sensation is good, the melon grows strong and can be postponed to the root melon harvest. Before and after watering and topdressing), in order to promote the rapid expansion of root melon, combined with root melon water per mu, urea and potassium sulfate each 10 kg.

Fourth, pest control

Spring shed cucumbers often suffer from downy mildew, bacterial angular leaf spot, powdery mildew and blight, and common insect pests include aphids, whitefly, spotted fly, sassafras, red spider and thrips. In the prevention and control of pests and diseases, we will implement the policy of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control”, and comprehensively use agricultural control (sorghum cultivation, clean pastoral, rational rotation, balanced fertilization, etc.), physical control (insect nets, yellow plates, blue boards, etc.), Ecological control (temperature and humidity regulation, high temperature sheds, etc.) and chemical control combined methods to eliminate the root causes of pests and diseases, and prevent the spread of pests and diseases.

Before planting, you can use 75% dakonin (chlorocide) wettable powder 600 times liquid or 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent to prevent diseases from 250-300 grams per mu. The pests use 22% dichlorvos smoke agent 0.4 kg/mu. Smoke control.

In production, we must pay attention to frequent investigations. After the occurrence of pests and diseases, timely control of pesticides should be carried out. In the case of chemical control, pesticides recommended for the production of pollution-free cucumbers should be used and used strictly according to the dosage and safety interval.

Before the onset of downy mildew, protective fungicides can be used for prevention, such as 80% Dasheng (Dexon Mn) wettable powder 600-800 times liquid or 75% Dakening WP 600 times liquid foliar spray; You can choose 72.2% Plex water agent 600-800 times liquid or 86.2% yam WP 500-600 times liquid or 72% gram dew WP 800-1000 times liquid foliar spray; 687.5 g in the middle of the disease The silver-silvering agent suspension is 2000-3000 times liquid spray.

Bacterial keratosis can be selected from 20% Longkes suspending agent 500-600 times solution or 2% added rice liquid 500-600 times solution or 47% ruinong WP 600-800 times solution or 77% Kill the wettable powder 500-600 times liquid foliar spray.

Brown spot disease can be selected from 6% erbi WP 1500 times solution or 65% methicillin WP 1000 times solution or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 600 times solution or 10% high water dispersible granules 2000-3000 times liquid or 50% Tribe dry suspension agent 3000-4000 times liquid foliar spray.

The mites are controlled by 12.5% ​​Baofu Suspension 10000 times solution or 2.5% Uranus emulsifiable concentrate 2500 times solution or 10% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 2500-3000 times solution. Whitefly sputum and whitefly sputum can be used with 25% chlorpyrifos WP 1000-1500 times. Liquid or 2.5% Uranus EC 2000-3000 times liquid or 25% Akthai water dispersible granule 3000-5000 times liquid control, Hummer can choose 20% Kangfu poly concentrated solvent 3000-000 times liquid or 1.8% Avi Spray control of bacteriocin emulsifiable concentrate 3000-4000 times liquid or 10% Saile emulsifiable concentrate 800-000 times liquid.

(Wang Tiechen)