The most complete surface treatment summary
SHAOXING ZHENGHONG AUTO PARTS CO.LTD , https://www.kontinental-bearing.com
    Appearance: color, pattern, logo, gloss\line (3D, 2D);
    Texture: hand, roughness, life (quality), streamlined, etc.;
    Function: hardening, anti-fingerprint, anti-scratch;
    The following is a detailed introduction to the various surface treatment processes of metal, plastic and glass: 
    Anodizing: mainly anodizing aluminum, which is based on electrochemical principle to form a layer of Al2O3 (alumina) film on the surface of aluminum and aluminum alloy. This oxide film has special properties such as protection, decoration, insulation and wear resistance.
    Process flow: 
    Two-color: 1 polishing / sand blasting / drawing → degreasing → shading → anodizing 1 → anodizing 2 → sealing → drying
    2 polishing / sand blasting / drawing → degreasing → anodizing 1 → laser engraving → anodizing 2 → sealing → drying
    Technical features: 
    2. Realize any color except white.
    3, to achieve nickel-free sealing, to meet the requirements of non-nickel in Europe, the United States and other countries.
    Technical difficulties and key points for improvement:
    The yield level of anodizing is related to the cost of the final product. The focus of improving the oxidation yield is the appropriate amount of oxidant, suitable temperature and current density. This requires structural parts manufacturers to explore and seek breakthroughs in the production process.
    Anodizing related manufacturers
    1. BYD
    2, Foxconn
    3. Daxie Chemical
    4, Hongrong Heng aluminum products
    ......
    Second, electrophoresis (ED-Electrophoresis deposition) 
    Process: pretreatment → electrophoresis → drying
    Technical features:
    advantage:
    1, rich in color;
    2, no metal texture, can be combined with sandblasting, polishing, drawing, etc.;
    3, processing in the liquid environment, can achieve the surface treatment of complex structures;
    4, the process is mature, mass production.
    Disadvantages: The ability to cover defects is general, and the electroforming of die-casting parts requires higher pre-treatment.
    Electrophoresis processing related manufacturers
    1. Ship South Jicheng Technology
    2, Hongsheng Hardware
    ......    Â
    Third, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) 
    Process: pre-treatment → hot water wash → MAO → drying
    Technical features: 
    1, ceramic texture, dull appearance, no high-gloss products, delicate touch, anti-fingerprint;
    2, a wide range of substrates: Al, Ti, Zn, Zr, Mg, Nb, and their alloys;
    3, the pre-treatment is simple, the product has excellent corrosion resistance, weather resistance and good heat dissipation performance.
    Disadvantages: At present, the color is limited, only black, gray and other mature, bright colors are currently difficult to achieve; cost is mainly affected by high power consumption, which is one of the highest cost in surface treatment.
    Micro-arc oxidation treatment related manufacturers
    1. BYD
    2. Jintang material application technology
    ......
    Fourth, PVD vacuum plating 
    Process flow:
    Pre-PVD cleaning→Intake vacuuming→washing target and ion cleaning→coating→coating finish, cooling out→posting (polishing, AFP)
    Technical features:
    PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) can be coated on a metal surface with a high hard plating and high wear resistance cermet decorative coating.
    PVD processing manufacturer
    1. Zhongnan International
    2, Nafeng
    3. Beijing North Microelectronics
    4. Tianma Microelectronics
    5. Shanghai Jinke Nano Coating Technology
    ......
    Fifth, electroplating (Electroplating) 
    Process: pretreatment → cyanide-free copper → cyanide-free white copper tin → chrome plating
    Technical features:
    advantage:
    1. High gloss and high quality metal appearance;
    2. The substrate is SUS, Al, Zn, Mg, etc.; the cost is lower than PVD.
    Disadvantages: poor environmental protection and high risk of environmental pollution.
    Electroplating related manufacturers
    1. Taian Hongda
    ......
    Sixth, powder coating (Powder coating) 
    Process: upper part → electrostatic dust removal → spraying → low temperature leveling → baking 
    advantage:
    1, rich in color, high gloss, matte optional;
    2, low cost, suitable for building furniture products and heat sink shells;
    3. High utilization rate, 100% utilization, environmental protection;
    4, strong ability to shade defects; 5, can imitate wood grain effect.
    Disadvantages: Currently used for less electronic products.
    Powder coating related manufacturers
    1. Flextronics (Shanghai) metal parts
    2, Langfabo
    ......
    Sixth, metal wire drawing 
    Technical features:
    The wire drawing process can obtain a non-mirror-like metallic luster on the metal surface, and the wire drawing treatment can also eliminate the fine flaws on the metal surface.
    Metal wire drawing related manufacturers
    1. Hangzhou Huafeng
    2, moist metal products
    ......
    Seven, sandblasting 
    Technical features:
    1. Achieve different reflections or matt.
    2. It can clean the tiny burrs on the surface of the workpiece and make the surface of the workpiece smoother, eliminating the damage of the burr and improving the grade of the workpiece.
    3. Clear the residual dirt left in the pre-treatment, improve the smoothness of the workpiece, and make the workpiece exposed uniform and uniform metallic color, so that the appearance of the workpiece is more beautiful and beautiful.
    Sandblasting related manufacturers
    1. æ—¸ç¿å·¥è´¸
    2, Hongda sandblasting
    ......
    Eight, polished 
    For different polishing processes: rough polishing (basic polishing process), medium polishing (finishing process) and fine polishing (glazing process), the best polishing effect can be achieved by selecting a suitable polishing wheel, while improving the polishing efficiency.
    Process flow: 
    Polishing related manufacturers
    1. Foshan Honghe
    ......
   Nine, etching
    Etching: Generally, the etching referred to as photochemical etching refers to removing the protective film of the region to be etched by exposure and plate development, and contacting the chemical solution during etching to achieve dissolution and corrosion, thereby forming the effect of unevenness or hollowing.
    Process flow: 
    Screen printing method: cutting material → cleaning sheet (stainless steel other metal materials) → screen printing → etching → stripping → OK
    Technical features:
    advantage:
    1. Fine processing of metal surfaces;
    2. Give special effects to the metal surface;
    Disadvantages: Corrosive liquids (acids, alkalis, etc.) used in etching are mostly harmful to the environment.
    Etching related manufacturers
    1. Zhuhai Lianhui
    ...... 
    In-Mold Decoration-IMD: The film with the printed pattern is placed in a metal mold, and the resin for molding is injected into the metal mold to bond with the film to make the film with the pattern printed. A method of forming a resin into a single body and solidifying into a finished product.
    IMD contains IML (no stretch, small surface), IMF (high tensile product, 3D), IMR (surface film removed, leaving only the ink on the surface).
    At present, IML and IMF are collectively referred to as IML.
    IML process flow: 
    1. Exquisite decorative graphic and logo are hidden inside, and disappear without friction or chemical corrosion;
    2. The graphic, logo and color design can be changed at any time without changing the mold;
    3, three-dimensional shape products, printing accuracy, error ± 0.05mm;
    4, can provide graphics, logo back light transmission and high light transmission window effect;
    5. The function button has uniform convexity and good hand feeling, and the service life can reach more than 1 million times;
    6, three-dimensional changes, can increase the designer's freedom of product design;
    7, composite molding processing to achieve a seamless effect.
    IMD processing manufacturer
    1, NISSHA
    2, Automotive
    3. Yinghong Technology
    ......
    Second, painting ( Painting ) 
    Process: injection → primer → drying → topcoat → drying
    Technical features:
    advantage:
    1, rich in color;
    2, processing in a liquid environment, can achieve the surface treatment of complex structures;
    3. The process is mature and mass production;
    4, has a unique transparency, high gloss.
    Disadvantages:
    1. The cost is too high, and low-cost positioning products are not suitable for this process;
    2. The process is relatively complicated and the yield is low.
    Spray related companies
    1. Foxconn
    2, BYD
    3, Herbie
    ......
    Third, NCVM non-conductive vacuum plating 
    Process flow: 
    1. The manufactured product is non-conductive and can be tested by high voltage meter with high voltage of tens of thousands of volts. It is not conductive or is not broken down.
    2. The surface of the manufactured product has a metallic texture and can achieve translucent control.
    NCVM processing vendor
    1. Hong Kong Dongsheng Technology
    2, Shenzhen Jinyuankang
    ......
    Fourth, plating 
    Process flow:
    Water plating process 
    advantage:
    1. Weight reduction;
    2. Comprehensive cost savings;
    3. Less processing steps;
    4. Simulate metal parts.
    Disadvantages:
    1, including the metal insert can not be changed during the molding process;
    2. Molding of parts larger than 200 square inches is more difficult than casting of the die;
    3. There is a danger of fire when electroplating plastic is used in certain types of household appliances.
    Electroplating related manufacturers
    1. Koi vacuum coating
    ......
   Fifth, printing 
    Pad printing: is an indirect concave plastic head printing technology. The design pattern is first etched on the printing plate, the etched plate is coated with ink, and then most of the ink is transferred to the object to be printed through the silicone head. on.
    Screen printing: It is a main printing method in stencil printing: the printing plate is in the form of a mesh, and the ink on the printing plate is printed on the printing plate through the through-hole portion of the printing plate under the squeeze of the squeegee. Usually the screen is made of nylon, polyester, silk or metal mesh.
    Transfer: water transfer, thermal transfer
    Water transfer: a type of printing in which a transfer paper/plastic film with a color pattern is subjected to macromolecular hydrolysis by water pressure.
Thermal transfer: A technique in which a pattern or pattern is printed on a heat-resistant adhesive tape, and the pattern of the ink layer is printed on the finished material by heating and pressurizing.
    Printing related manufacturers
    1, Ruixiang plastic
    ......
    Six, laser carving 
    Technical features:
    1. Wide range, safe and reliable
    2, accurate and meticulous, safe and fast
    3. Low cost and environmental protection
    Laser engraving related manufacturers
    1, Tianwei laser
    ......
    Seven, biting flowers 
    Process flow:
    Mold receiving → sand blasting → chemical cleaning (pickling) → decaling → picking powder → heating → Shangyang → dry paint → chemical corrosion → chemical cleaning → sand blasting → quality inspection
    Technical features:
    1. Improve the visual effect and feel of the product
    2, slip
    3, increase the surface area, which is conducive to heat dissipation
    4, is conducive to demoulding, easy to shape
    Biting flower related manufacturers
    1. Yilong Mould
    ...... 
    Tempered glass: It is actually a kind of prestressed glass. Chemical or physical methods are usually used to increase the strength of the glass. The compressive stress is formed on the surface of the glass. When the glass is subjected to external force, the surface stress is first offset, thereby improving the bearing capacity, enhancing the wind resistance of the glass itself, cold and heat, and impact.
    Process flow: 
    Tempered glass related companies
    Corning
    Lansi Technology
    Bourne
    ......
   Second, glass tempering (chemical) - ion exchange method
    Ion exchange: ion exchange method tempered glass is a form of glass tempering, which belongs to chemical tempering, that is, intrusion of glass into an alkali metal salt in a molten state, exchange of Na+ and K+, and then cooling.
    Process: original film inspection → cutting → edging → cleaning and drying → low temperature preheating → high temperature preheating → ion exchange → high temperature cooling → medium temperature cooling → low temperature cooling → cleaning and drying → inspection → packaging and storage
    Technical features: 
    2, anti-crushing, anti-cracking.
    Related manufacturers:
    Corning
    ......
    Third, polishing
    Glass polishing: refers to the use of chemical or physical methods to remove the grain lines, scratches and some other flaws on the surface of the glass, improve the transparency and refractive index of the glass, and make the glass more vitrified. 
    1, fire polishing 2, polishing powder polishing
    3, acid polishing 4, mechanical polishing
    Polishing related manufacturers
    Star polishing
    ......
 Fourth, printing 
    Screen printing: Screen printing is one of the main printing methods in stencil printing: the printing plate is in the form of a mesh, and the ink on the printing plate is printed from the through-hole portion of the printing plate to the substrate under the extrusion of the squeegee. on. Usually the screen is made of nylon, polyester, silk or metal mesh.
    Printing related manufacturers
    Shanguangjia Craft
    ......
    Fifth, coating 
    1, the sun transmission rate is good
    2, single perspective function and specular reflection effect
    3. Protect privacy
    4, long-lasting performance
    Coating related manufacturers
    Xinyi Glass
    ......
    Six, AF Coating 
    Technical features:
    Oil and dirt proof
    Anti-fingerprint (fingerprint easy to erase)
    AFCoating related companies
    Impression photoelectric
    ......