China's machinery and equipment marketing revenue ranked first in the world in 2008
ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 Metric/Inch Standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, tolerances, marking, testing, and methods of designating openings for pipe flanges and flanged fittings. Included are:
B16.5 is limited to flanges and flanged fittings made from cast or forged materials, and blind flanges and certain reducing flanges made from cast, forged, or plate materials. Also included in this Standard are requirements and recommendations regarding flange bolting, flange gaskets, and flange joints.
Careful application of these B16 Standards will help users to comply with applicable regulations within their jurisdictions, while achieving the operational, cost and safety benefits to be gained from the many industry best-practices detailed within these volumes.
Intended for manufacturers, owners, employers, users and others concerned with the specification, buying, maintenance, training and safe use of valves with pressure equipment, plus all potential governing entities.
ANSI Flange,Socket Weld Pipe Flanges,Class400 Wn Flange, ANSI Slip On Flanges Hebei Welkin Pipe Fitting Manufacturing Co., Ltd , https://www.welkinpipeline.com
Germany’s machinery and equipment marketing revenue last year was 233 billion euros, the United States was 231 billion euros, Japan was 186 billion euros, and Italy was 108 billion euros. Globally, the world's mechanical equipment sales revenue in 2008 was 1.6 trillion euros, the previous year was 1.35 trillion euros. Affected by the international financial crisis, the German Federation of Machinery and Equipment Manufacturers expects that the world's machinery and equipment marketing revenue will be 10% lower than last year.
The most difficult period for the mechanical equipment manufacturing industry is the first two months of this year. According to statistics, orders lost in the German machinery manufacturing industry in January and February this year were close to 50%. Since the middle of last year, German machinery manufacturing orders have continued to decline, resulting in a 23% decline in production. However, Hesse, the director of the German Federation of Machinery and Equipment Manufacturers, believes that the end of the order has been going downhill since the middle of this year. However, he believes that the production of mechanical equipment in Germany will be reduced by one-fifth this year.
Although the marketing revenue of China's machinery and equipment exceeds the developed countries such as Germany and the United States, it is still not a strong country in the equipment manufacturing industry, because China currently dominates the low-end market. The high-end market, including some mid-end markets, is still occupied by developed countries such as Germany and the United States. China still has a long way to go before it dominates the mid- to high-end machinery manufacturing market. Talents and technology are the key to making breakthroughs.
(1) flanges with rating class designations 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, and 1500 in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 and flanges with rating class designation 2500 in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 12, with requirements given in both metric and U.S. Customary units with diameter of bolts and flange bolt holes expressed in inch units;
(2) flanged fittings with rating class designation 150 and 300 in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 24, with requirements given in both metric and U.S. Customary units with diameter of bolts and flange bolt holes expressed in inch units;
(3) flanged fittings with rating class designation 400, 600, 900, and 1500 in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 and flanged fittings with rating class designation 2500 in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 12 that are acknowledged in Non-Mandatory Appendix E in which only U.S. Customary units are provided.
This Standard is to be used in conjunction with equipment described in other volumes of the ASME B16 Series of Standards as well as with other ASME standards, such as the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and the B31 Piping Codes.