I. Achievements of the domestic CNC machine tool industry in recent years
China's CNC machine tools have made great progress in terms of product type, technology level, quality and output, and have made major breakthroughs in some key technologies. According to statistics, there are currently 1,500 CNC machine tools available in the market in China, covering almost all types of metal cutting machine tools and major forging machinery. The field is wide and can go hand in hand with Japan, Germany and the United States. This marks that the domestic CNC machine tools have entered a period of rapid development.

In recent years, China's machine tool industry has continuously undertaken the task of providing high-level numerical control equipment for national key projects and national defense military construction. For example, the domestic XNZD2415 CNC gantry hybrid machine fully absorbs the advantages of flexible configuration and diversity of parallel machine tools and large processing range of traditional machine tools. The basic gantry is formed by a two-degree-of-freedom parallelogram parallel mechanism, and a two-degree-of-freedom series structure is added to the parallel platform. The A and C axis swing angle milling heads, combined with the longitudinal movement of the table, can complete five degrees of freedom. This configuration is the first in the world. The CNC system developed based on RT-Linux has real-time and reliability, can be connected with multiple PLCs in the same network, can control the five-axis linkage of machine tools, and realize man-machine dialogue. The working space of the machine tool is 4.5mx1.6mx1.2m, the A-axis rotation angle is ±1050, the C-axis continuous rotation angle is 0-4000, the spindle rotation speed (stepless) is up to 10000r/min, and the repeat positioning accuracy is ±0.01mm, which can realize three-dimensional solid surface such as Five-axis linkage high-speed machining of turbine blades and vanes.

Ultra-precision spherical lathes provide the basic equipment for the processing of gyroscopes. These lathes can also be used for the processing of lens molds, camera plastic lenses, bar code reading devices, and focusing mirrors for laser processing machine optical systems.

The high-speed five-axis gantry milling machine adopts oil mist lubrication cooling in the milling head and pre-stress anti-deformation control of the beam. This type of milling machine can be used in the processing of aerospace, aerospace, shipbuilding, pump blades, high-grade molds, etc.

SSCKZ80-5 5-axis turning and milling composite machining center can meet the requirements of aerospace, aviation, shipbuilding and railway transportation industry for processing high-precision, high-rigidity and complex large-scale rotary parts, such as aircraft engine main shaft and landing gear. Ship engine piston, turbocharger worm differential commutator and machining of spiral blades.

The TW250 high-speed and high-efficiency turning center adopts a two-spindle opposite structure. The two tool holders are located above and below the spindle axis, and the number of control axes is eight, which can realize 4-axis linkage. The upper and lower tool holders with 12-position servo-driven bi-directional power turrets can perform 2-axis or 4-axis machining on either spindle. The machine adopts modular design technology and can be derived into double tool holder double spindle, single tool holder double spindle, double tool holder single spindle, and other turning centers or CNC lathe according to different requirements of users.

XKAE2720 bridge type fixed beam gantry machining center can meet the needs of aviation, aerospace, military, motorcycle, mold, printing machinery and other industries.

MJ-860DT double-turret four-axis opposed CNC lathe is a large-size, heavy-load, high-rigidity, multi-axis CNC lathe, suitable for large-scale workpieces in weapons and aerospace manufacturing industries (such as high-strength heat-resistant titanium nickel). Alloy steel parts) for strong cutting at medium and low speeds, also suitable for metallurgical, locomotive, paper machine and other industries for efficient and powerful turning of large workpieces, especially long shaft parts.

TK68125A floor-standing CNC boring and milling machine can be widely applied to large and medium-sized complex structural parts processing of large and medium-sized diesel engines, engineering machinery, automobile, shipbuilding and aerospace industry. It is especially suitable for high-speed and high-efficiency machining of complex parts with space curved surfaces.

TK6913B floor-type CNC boring and milling machine has formed its own core technology in high rigidity square ram, CNC movable spindle assembly, CNC rotary table, CNC rotary table, large chain tool magazine and modular development.

At present, China can supply networked, integrated and flexible CNC machine tools. At the same time, China has also entered the ranks of the world's high-speed CNC machine tools and high-precision precision CNC machine tools. At present, China has successfully developed a number of CNC machine tools with spindle speeds above 8000-10000r/min. In recent years, China's CNC machine tool industry has vigorously promoted the application of CAD and other technologies. Many enterprises have begun and plan to implement ERP, MRPII and e-commerce.

Second, China's CNC machine tool market is huge
At present, China is in the mid-industrialization period, that is, from the solution of the shortage-based opening to the construction of an economic power, from poverty alleviation to prosperity, coal, automobile, steel, real estate, building materials, machinery, electronics, and chemical industries are based on heavy industry. The strong growth of the high-growth industry constitutes a huge demand for the machine tool market, especially CNC machine tools. According to KPMG's accounting firm, China has surpassed Germany to become the world's largest machine tool market, and CNC machine tools have become the mainstream of machine tool consumption. China's future CNC machine tool market is huge. It is expected that the consumption of CNC machine tools will still exceed US$6 billion in 2010, and the number of units will exceed 100,000 units. Experts pointed out that the proportion of medium and high-end CNC machine tools will increase significantly, and the proportion of economical CNC machine tools will not change much. The demand for non-CNC ordinary machine tools will be greatly reduced.

The Investment Research Institute of the State Planning Commission predicts that during the 10th Five-Year Plan period, the total investment in fixed assets in China will reach 22 trillion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 37%. According to the interaction between fixed assets investment and machinery market consumption in the past, during the "10th Five-Year Plan" period, the business opportunities in China's machinery market were as high as 32-40 billion yuan. In terms of transportation, during the "10th Five-Year Plan" period, only 100 billion yuan will be invested in the development of the western railway. In the next 10 years, the western traffic will invest 7,000-800 billion yuan. The special equipment such as wheel lathes, 2m large sawing machines and spiral welded pipe expansion machines are useful. Wuzhidi; water conservancy project will invest 530 billion yuan in the next five years, the first phase of environmental protection investment will be 188.8 billion yuan, the second phase investment will be 260 billion yuan, the demand for machinery and equipment will be huge; 300 machinery manufacturers will carry out technological transformation, and the number of CNC machine tools purchased is very impressive. . In 2004, there were about 17,000 mold factories in China, with an annual output value of about 53 billion yuan. The required machinery is biased towards high-precision, high-efficiency, high-speed milling equipment, virtual axis machine tools, composite processing machines and wire-cutting machines. .

According to reports, the state's investment in equipment manufacturing will be mainly concentrated in the aerospace, aviation, shipbuilding, automotive, weapons, machinery and electronic information industries.

The subcontracting and production of civil aviation passenger aircraft in the aviation industry has been further expanded. The number of passenger aircraft parts produced by subcontracting with Boeing and European Airbus will increase significantly; military aircraft and military helicopters produced in cooperation with foreign countries will be in batch production. Aircraft wing, fuselage, tail and other engine parts require a large number of high-speed five-axis machining centers, gantry mobile high-speed machining centers, precision CNC lathes, precision horizontal machining centers, multi-coordinate boring and milling centers, precision gears and threading. CNC machine tools, etc.

The automobile manufacturing industry is a large demand for machine tools, accounting for about 40% of the total consumption of machine tools. The increase in the annual output of automobiles in China has also led to a significant increase in the output of auto parts. The automobile manufacturing industry needs a large number of high-efficiency, high-performance, special-purpose CNC machine tools and flexible production lines, such as flexible production lines for high-speed horizontal machining centers and CNC machine tools for crankshaft machining. Automobile spare parts production requires a large number of CNC lathes, vertical horizontal machining centers, CNC high-efficiency grinding machines and CNC gear processing machines.

The demand for weapons manufacturing in CNC machine tools is even more extensive, requiring CNC machine tools to be reliable and stable. Domestic CNC machine tools have a large market space. The manufacturing industry requires a large number of CNC lathes, vertical machining centers, five-axis machining centers, gantry milling machines, boring and milling machining centers, and gear processing machines.

The power generation equipment manufacturing industry needs heavy-duty CNC gantry boring and milling machines, large-scale boring and milling machines, large-scale CNC lathes, special milling machines for blade root grooves and CNC machine tools for blades. The power transmission equipment manufacturing industry needs CNC lathes, machining centers, CNC boring machines, etc.

The metallurgical equipment manufacturing industry focuses on the manufacture of complete sets of continuous casting and rolling equipment, and requires large-scale gantry milling machines and large-scale CNC lathes.

China's railways, highways, energy, water conservancy, airports, and urban construction require a large number of construction machinery. Construction machinery manufacturing demand a large number of small and medium-sized CNC machine tools such as CNC lathes, medium-sized machining centers, CNC milling machines and gear processing machines.

In recent years, the national mold output value has also increased significantly. At present, China's large-scale, sophisticated, complex, long-life molds are still imported in large quantities. The mold market is mainly concentrated in East China and South China, accounting for about 75% of national sales. Recently, the Suzhou area of ​​Jiangsu Province is planning to build the largest mold manufacturing base in Asia. The mold manufacturing industry requires high-speed CNC milling machines, coordinate measuring machines, precision electric machining machines, high-precision machining centers, and precision grinding machines.

99.5% of the equipment in the electronic information equipment manufacturing industry relies on imports. The industry is demanding a large number of small precision CNC machine tools: high-speed milling centers, high-speed machining centers, small precision lathes, small precision punching machines, CNC machines for precision and ultra-precision machining, and precision electric machine tools.

Third, domestic CNC machine tools are still relatively backward
The important components of CNC machine tools include CNC system, tool magazine and robot, CNC tool holder and turntable, spindle unit (including electric spindle), ball screw pair and rolling guide pair, protective cover and CNC tool. The performance has become a decisive factor in the performance of the whole machine. The numerical control system consists of a display, a servo controller, a servo motor, and various switches and sensors. Of course, the development of ordinary machine tools to CNC machine tools is not just a simple installation system. For example, from the development of milling machines to machining centers, the structure of machine tools has changed. The most important thing is to add a tool magazine and greatly improve the accuracy. The main functions of the machining center are the functions of milling, boring and drilling. At present, the world's three largest manufacturers are: Japan's Fanuc, Germany's Siemens, Japan's Mitsubishi, its products are large, but the technology is not necessarily the highest, and the rest are France Num, Spain Van Gogh.

CNC machine tools are input by binary mathematics. The machining process can be programmed arbitrarily. The spindle and feed speed can be changed according to the needs of the machining process, and multi-coordinate linkage can be realized, and complex surfaces can be easily processed. For the processing object has the characteristics of “variable, changeable and changeable”, the batch adjustment is convenient, and the flexible production of small and medium-sized batches of complex parts can be realized, adapting to the needs of society for product diversification. However, the price is more expensive, and it is necessary to correctly analyze the economic rationality of its use; the numerical control machine tool combines hardware and software to realize functions such as information feedback, compensation, automatic acceleration and deceleration, etc., which can further improve the machining accuracy, efficiency and automation of the machine tool; The CNC machine tool is an electromechanical integrated machine tool based on electronic control. It fully utilizes the unique advantages of microelectronics and computer technology, and is easy to realize information, intelligence and network. It can easily form various advanced manufacturing systems, such as FMS. , FTL, FA, and even future CIMS, can maximize the labor productivity of enterprises.

CNC machine tools are a comprehensive combination of various high-tech machines, such as machine, electricity, liquid, gas and light. Especially based on modern advanced technologies such as electronics and computers, they must have a solid technical foundation and complement each other. If it is not complete, CNC machine tools are difficult to develop smoothly. The CNC machine tool is composed of three parts: the main machine, various components (functional components) and the numerical control system. It also needs advanced automatic tool matching to realize the processing. All the links must be technically and qualitatively ensured to ensure reliable operation. Stable, in order to ensure the accuracy, efficiency and automation of CNC machine tools, otherwise, it is difficult to use in actual production.

China's CNC machine tool industry has a weak technical development capability and technical foundation, and the application of information technology is not high. The existing sources of information technology in the industry mainly rely on the introduction of foreign technology, and the foreign party has a dominant position in the core technology of many high-tech products. Our dependence on foreign technology is high, and the digestion of imported technology is still in the grasp. The technology and the improvement of the localization rate have not risen to the level of forming independent development capabilities and technological innovation capabilities. High-performance practical CNC machine tools with high precision, high speed, high efficiency, composite function and multi-axis linkage basically rely on imports.

Compared with foreign products, the gap in China is mainly the high-speed, high-efficiency and precision of machine tools. For high-speed machining technology, foreign research has been carried out for many years, and systematic research has been carried out on the mechanism of high-speed machining, machine tool structure, machine tool rigidity and precision, and various high-speed milling centers and high-speed machining centers have been developed and produced. Widely used in aircraft aluminum parts and mold processing.

The rapid feed rate of high-speed machining centers driven by ball screws in foreign countries is mostly above 40m/min, the highest has reached 90m/min, and the machining center driven by linear motors reaches 120m/min. The rapid feed of domestic machining centers is mostly 30m. Around /min, the individual reached 60m/min, and the linear motor-driven machining center only produced samples. The spindle speed of foreign high-speed machining centers is generally 12000-25000r/min, and the highest has reached 70,000r/min. The structure of the box has a unique box-in-box structure or gantry structure suitable for high-speed machining.

According to statistics, China's large-scale high-performance super-precision machine tools produce less than 1,000 units per year, accounting for only 1.5%-2.5% of the total and total value of domestic machine tools, less than 1/20 of Germany or Japan. Foreign horizontal machining centers are equipped with machine tool precision and temperature compensation system, the machining accuracy is relatively stable, and the domestic research and development is still in progress; the positioning accuracy of foreign machining centers is basically accepted according to the German standard VDI3441, the stroke is less than 1000mm, the positioning accuracy can be controlled at 0. Within .006—0.0lmm, the domestic positioning accuracy is relatively low.

Fourth, vigorously promote the development of CNC machine tools in China
In order to further promote the development of CNC machine tools in China, enterprises must be the mainstay of development. With the support of universities and scientific research units, the government provides guidance and support on macroeconomic policies, and social intermediary forces provide high-quality services to gradually improve the machine tool industry.

1. Increase government support
In accordance with the "National CNC Machine Tool Industry Development Special Plan", in the next five years, the machine tool industry will create 20 CNC machine tool industrialization bases and 10 basic functional parts industrial bases for them. Base enterprises will enjoy national policies and funds. stand by. The new products developed by the CNC machine tool industrial base and the high-end CNC machine tools are subject to a VAT refund policy. The "Planning" will also support the enterprises entering the industrialization base with funds for the national debt project. The initial construction of the Enterprise Technology Development Center and the Technical Engineering Research Center, as well as the first and first set of new products, will also be given certain risk subsidies. If a machine tool enterprise wants to enter an industrial base, its technology development investment shall not be less than 5% of the product sales revenue. If this indicator is reached, a certain degree of subsidy given by the state will be available each year. If the objectives of the "Planning" can be achieved, by the end of the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", the domestic market share of domestic CNC machine tools in terms of sales will increase to more than 50%. At the same time, the domestic market share of all domestic machine tool products will also increase to more than 60%.

2. Improve the efficiency of integrated application
CNC equipment should improve the comprehensive application efficiency (OAEE) of equipment, and it should be able to operate stably and reliably for a long time, process products with high efficiency, and quickly produce qualified parts. Some domestic experts analyzed the main factors affecting OAEE, and proposed to design, implement and implement digital integrated automation technology based on human, information, technology, resources, organization and management system integration application integration from e-M overall solution technology. Enterprise application integration fundamentally enhances the industrial application level of numerical control equipment.

3. Improve development capabilities
Improving development capabilities is not an easy task. Nowadays, large western companies have adopted a market strategy of blocking and dumping on China's CNC machine tools. The first is blockade, and the blockade does not make dumping. Its CNC system is sold at a very expensive price in the Chinese market and has achieved high profits. Once Chinese companies develop the same products, they immediately cut prices sharply, even below the cost of Chinese companies. Under this circumstance, the state must give support to domestic enterprises, just as the United States, Germany, Japan and other countries supported the domestic enterprises.

4. Developing functional components
Some experts predict that in the next 10-10 years, the machine tool industry will focus more on purchasing parts to assemble machine tools and put them on the market. The machine tool industry needs high-quality and fast production of CNC machine tools to meet the needs of the market. The functional components for CNC machine tools must be prioritized and developed rapidly. Today, advanced CNC systems, high-speed precision spindle units, high-speed rolling components and CNC power tool holders have become important indicators for measuring the level of CNC machine tools. Their price is also the main component of the price of CNC machine tools. The price of CNC machine tool components has roughly calculated about 70% of the total machine cost.

At present, China's production of functional components is slow, with few varieties, low degree of industrialization, can not meet market requirements, and has to rely on imports. Due to the high import price of functional components, the price of CNC machine tools has been rising, and the CNC machine tools produced in China have almost lost their competitive advantage. The market shows that the price of the same level of CNC machine tools, South Korea is almost the same as the price of China, this phenomenon has a lot to do with the large number of functional components required by our mainframe manufacturers to purchase CNC machine tools from abroad.

Experts, scholars and entrepreneurs in China's machine tool industry have seen great development prospects in the functional component industry. Many companies have also targeted this market. Through the introduction of technology, cooperative production or independent development, a number of professional manufacturers of functional components have been initially formed. However, China's functional component manufacturers are generally small in scale and scattered in layout; some are still attached to the OEM or research institute, and have not yet been introduced to the market, so they are not a leading enterprise. Some varieties have no supply of goods; some features have performance gaps with the products of internationally renowned manufacturers. Enterprises that can produce functional components will not be able to survive for a long time if they do not rationalize the system, do not enlarge the market, and do not raise the current level of products and catch up with the international advanced level as soon as possible. A product from the successful development to a small amount of production, if it does not form a scale as soon as possible, it will not be able to reduce the cost, it will not occupy the market, it will not create a brand.

5. Speed ​​up the introduction and absorption
According to relevant sources, South Korea introduced advanced technology for US$1 and digested and absorbed it with US$5, while China introduced advanced technology for US$1 and digested and absorbed with US$0.2.

In the past 20 years, the international industry has achieved phased changes and changes. China has seized this opportunity, relying on processing trade and the export of a large number of labor-intensive products, and has strengthened its national strength as China's manufacturing industry participates in the international division of labor. Many companies in Europe and the United States have closed down or been merged due to poor management, such as Mahao and Spinner. Japan's economy is sluggish, and many machine tool manufacturers that were famous in the 1980s collapsed. Dalian Machine Tool Company also introduced a number of advanced technologies from Germany. Shanghai Mingjing Company also acquired Warrenberg and Japan Ikebe Corporation in 2003 and 2004, respectively, and occupied 53.6% and 65% of the shares respectively.

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