How Bauxite Is Smelted into Ingots
The production of aluminum ingots consists of bauxite mining, alumina production, and aluminum electrolysis. There are three main types of bauxite producing alumina: gibbsite, dicalite, and boehmite. Among the proven global reserves of bauxite, 92% are weathered lateritic bauxite, which is of the gibbsite type. These bauxite deposits are characterized by low silicon, high iron, and high aluminum-silicon ratios and are concentrated in Africa. Western, Oceania and Central and South America. The remaining 8% are sedimentary bauxite, which is of the type of boehmite and diaspore, with medium and low grades, mainly distributed in Greece, the former Yugoslavia and Hungary. Due to the different characteristics of the three types of bauxite, each alumina production enterprise adopts different production processes in production. At present, there are mainly Bayer process, alkali lime sintering process and Bayer-sintering process. Usually, high-grade bauxite is produced by the Bayer process, and low-grade bauxite is produced by joint or sintering methods. Due to its simple process and low energy consumption, Bayer Process has become a major application method in current alumina production, and its output accounts for about 95% of the total global alumina production. The aluminum electrolysis production can be divided into three categories: side-inserted anode rod self-baking tanks, upper anode rod self-baking tanks and pre-baked anode tanks. The production of electrolytic aluminum from self-baking tanks is characterized by simple equipment, short construction period, and low investment. However, the smoke can not be treated, the environment is severely polluted, the mechanization is difficult, the labor intensity is large, the large-scale production is not easy, the single-tank production is low, and some are not easily overcome. The disadvantage is that the production process is being eliminated. At present, most of the countries and production enterprises in the world are using large pre-baking cells, and the current intensity of the cells has reached above 350KA. It not only has a high degree of automation, low energy consumption, high single-cell output, but also meets the requirements of environmental protection regulations. Second, aluminum and aluminum product classification 1. The production process of electrolytic aluminum: bauxite → alumina → electrolytic aluminum. 2. According to the main content of aluminum ingots, they can be divided into three categories: high-grade pure aluminum (aluminum content 99.93%-99.999%), industrial high-purity aluminum (aluminum content 99.85%-99.90%), industrial pure aluminum (aluminum content 98.0%-99.7%). 3, according to the aluminum ingot market product types can be divided into three categories: one is processed materials, such as plates, belts, foils, tubes, rods, forgings, powders, etc.; one is cast aluminum alloy, wire rod cable Etc. One category is various types of aluminum products in daily life.
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