Rapid prototyping and part manufacturing technology (2)

2. Fused Deposition Modeling

Fused deposition molding refers to melting a hot melt material (ABS, nylon or wax) through a heater, and extruding the filament during the movement of the moving head, and depositing a thin layer according to the sectional shape of the part, so that the layer is stacked layer by layer. Make a part. During the deposition process, the nozzle is moved along the XY by the control of the horizontal stratification data, and the semi-flow fused filament is extruded from the FDM nozzle, and the amount of material flowing out from the extrusion head hole and the moving speed of the nozzle must be precisely controlled. It solidifies quickly when bonded to the previous layer, and the entire part is made on one piston. The piston can move up and down. When the layer is finished, the piston descends, leaving space for the next layer to be layered. FDM can be used in a wide variety of materials, and any material with thermoplastic properties can be used as a candidate.

3. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)

The process utilizes the heat provided by the infrared laser beam to melt the thermoplastic material to form a three-dimensional part. A thin layer of thermoplastic powder material is evenly spread on the production area, and then the cross-sectional shape of the part is scanned on the surface of the powder by laser. The laser is scanned to form a solid, and the laser is not scanned, and the powder is still used as the next layer. The support can be removed after the forming is completed. After the upper layer is finished, a layer of powder is laid and the next layer is scanned. The process of layering and sintering of the selection is repeated until the last layer. A 3D solid is selected. Burned out. The equipment used by SLS is a laser, and the raw materials used are wax, polycarbonate, nylon, slender nylon, synthetic nylon and metal materials.

4.Laminated object manufacturing (LOM)

Layer-by-layer object fabrication techniques are a technique for manufacturing parts by layer-by-layer laser shear foil. The laser is used to cut the contour of the layer part, and the part other than the contour of the part is laser-cut into mesh-like pieces to be removed after the part is finished. Each layer of foil is coated with a hot sol, adhered to the previous layer by heat and pressure, and the layer of foil is layered into a solid block. When all the layers are bonded and sheared, the entire part is embedded in a large piece of support material, and the supporting pieces are removed to obtain the desired three-dimensional solid. The foil referred to herein may be a coated paper (paper coated with an adhesive coating), a coated ceramic foil, a metal foil or a foil of another material.

5. Solid Grinding (SGC, Solid Ground Curing)

It uses mask technology to make a layer of photocurable resin as a whole, and it is not formed by layer-by-point illumination like SL equipment. The UV rays are irradiated onto the surface of a thin layer of liquid photosensitive resin through a glass cover. The light-transmissive portion of the glass cover has the same cross-sectional shape as the part, the cross-sectional shape of the part is solidified, and the rest is still a liquid resin, which is sucked off and then replaced with wax. it. The next layer of parts can be made on this basis. When all the layers of the part are made, the whole part is embedded in a large piece of wax. The wax can be removed by melting, and the rest is the part formed from the fully cured resin.

In addition, there are some more mature RP technologies, such as 3DP (Three-Dimensional Printing) process, namely 3D printing or 3D printing, which uses a point-by-point spray adhesive to bond powder materials to make prototypes; BPM (Ballistic Particle) Manufacturing process, that is, ballistic particle manufacturing, which uses a nozzle with five-axis degrees of freedom to spray molten material to make a prototype; PCM (Patternless Casting Manufacturing) process, that is, no wood-die casting, which uses a point-by-point spray adhesive and The catalyst method is used to achieve the bonding between cast sand grains. This technology was successfully developed by Tsinghua University; the MJS (Multiple Jet Solidification) process, also known as multi-phase jet solidification, uses a piston to extrude molten material to continuously squeeze it. The nozzle method is used for stack forming; the CC (Contour Craft) process, also known as the contour forming process, uses a combination of a stacked profile and a cast molten material to make a prototype, which uses a simple mold for stacking contours. .

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